{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T19:40:44Z","timestamp":1764790844353,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Context.\u2014Soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is an enzyme that generates cyclic adenosine monophosphate, a signaling molecule involved in regulating melanocyte functions. R21, a mouse monoclonal antibody against sAC, shows a striking pan-nuclear staining in lentigo maligna, indicating possible utility for diagnosis and margin assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Objective.\u2014To evaluate R21 in the diagnosis and evaluation of margins in lentigo maligna.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Design.\u2014Thirty one re-excision specimens for lentigo maligna were evaluated for R21 expression using previously published protocol. In addition, 153 cases including 41 lentigo malignas, 30 non\u2013lentigo maligna-type melanomas, 38 lentigos, and 44 nevi were evaluated using a modified stringent protocol to eliminate all nonmelanocyte staining.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results.\u2014The sensitivity of nuclear staining with R21 in lentigo maligna was 87.8%. Nuclear expression of sAC was observed in 40% of other melanomas and 2.3% of benign nevi. R21 did not stain nuclei of resting melanocytes but was observed in 28.9% of melanocytic hyperplasias. These cases were easily distinguished from lentigo maligna in routine sections. R21 staining facilitated extent of the lesion in resection margins. In cases examined under the less stringent conditions, interpretation was facilitated by comparing R21 and Mart1\/Melan A staining. Greater than 9 pan-nuclear staining melanocytes within one high-power field along with a pan-nuclear sAC\/Melan A ratio greater than 0.5 was consistent with a positive margin whereas 5 or less pan-nuclear staining melanocytes along with a sAC\/Melan A ratio of less than 0.3 constituted a negative margin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion.\u2014R21 is a useful diagnostic adjunct in the diagnosis and evaluation of margins in re-excision specimens in lentigo maligna.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2011-0617-oa","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,29]],"date-time":"2012-11-29T16:39:50Z","timestamp":1354207190000},"page":"1558-1564","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Expression of Soluble Adenylyl Cyclase in Lentigo Maligna: Use of Immunohistochemistry With Anti\u2013Soluble Adenylyl Cyclase Antibody (R21) in Diagnosis of Lentigo Maligna and Assessment of Margins"],"prefix":"10.5858","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Cynthia M.","family":"Magro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Pathology (Dr Magro) and Dermatology (Dr Zippin), Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York; the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Yang); and www.DermatopathologyConsultations.com, Boston, Massachusetts, the Department of Pathology, Lahey Clinic, Burlington, Massachusetts, and the Department of Pathology, Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Zembowicz)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung-Eun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Pathology (Dr Magro) and Dermatology (Dr Zippin), Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York; the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Yang); and www.DermatopathologyConsultations.com, Boston, Massachusetts, the Department of Pathology, Lahey Clinic, Burlington, Massachusetts, and the Department of Pathology, Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Zembowicz)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan H.","family":"Zippin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Pathology (Dr Magro) and Dermatology (Dr Zippin), Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York; the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Yang); and www.DermatopathologyConsultations.com, Boston, Massachusetts, the Department of Pathology, Lahey Clinic, Burlington, Massachusetts, and the Department of Pathology, Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Zembowicz)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Artur","family":"Zembowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Pathology (Dr Magro) and Dermatology (Dr Zippin), Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York; the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Yang); and www.DermatopathologyConsultations.com, Boston, Massachusetts, the Department of Pathology, Lahey Clinic, Burlington, Massachusetts, and the Department of Pathology, Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Zembowicz)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3906","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"2020081220150900600_i1543-2165-136-12-1558-b01","first-page":"919","article-title":"Signaling pathways mediating melanogenesis [review]","volume":"45","author":"Park","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol 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