{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T13:45:45Z","timestamp":1790430345567,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Context.\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n                    As demand for organs to treat end-stage liver disease increases, donor livers once deemed only marginally suitable for donation are being considered for transplantation. Pathologists are increasingly being asked to evaluate these livers for acceptability. This article provides guidelines for frozen section evaluation of livers for transplantation.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objective.\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n                    This article concentrates on the histopathologic features of transplant suitability with appropriate clinicopathologic correlation for the practicing pathologist. Recommendations for proper handling and sampling of tissue are discussed. Relative and absolute contraindications as well as artifacts and benign conditions are emphasized.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Data Sources.\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n                    Sources include a compilation of the authors' experiences in academic and community liver transplantation centers. In addition, relevant medical literature was reviewed, as well as Web sites specializing in organ transplantation, such as Transplant Pathology Internet Services and the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusions.\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n                    Malignancy and extensive necrosis in the liver are absolute contraindications to transplantation. Evaluation of macrosteatosis, fibrosis, hepatitis, and necrosis depends on the severity of disease and correlation with the clinical situation. Donor age of greater than 60 years does not preclude transplantation. Artifacts and benign conditions need to be understood to prevent wastage of precious organs and to ensure that an appropriate organ is provided for the recipient.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2011-0689-ra","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,31]],"date-time":"2013-01-31T13:59:27Z","timestamp":1359640767000},"page":"270-274","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Approach to Intraoperative Consultation for Donor Liver Biopsies"],"prefix":"10.5858","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Claire","family":"Melin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (Ms Melin); and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Drs Miick, Young, and Balasubramanian) and the Division of Transplant, Department of Surgery (Dr Ortiz), Einstein Medical Center\u2013Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Miick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (Ms Melin); and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Drs Miick, Young, and Balasubramanian) and the Division of Transplant, Department of Surgery (Dr Ortiz), Einstein Medical Center\u2013Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy A.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (Ms Melin); and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Drs Miick, Young, and Balasubramanian) and the Division of Transplant, Department of Surgery (Dr Ortiz), Einstein Medical Center\u2013Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (Ms Melin); and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Drs Miick, Young, and Balasubramanian) and the Division of Transplant, Department of Surgery (Dr Ortiz), Einstein Medical Center\u2013Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manjula","family":"Balasubramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (Ms Melin); and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Drs Miick, Young, and Balasubramanian) and the Division of Transplant, Department of Surgery (Dr Ortiz), Einstein Medical Center\u2013Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3906","reference":[{"key":"i1543-2165-137-2-270-b01","year":"2012","unstructured":"Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network Web site. http:\/\/optn.transplant.hrsa.gov. Accessed March 15, 2012."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-137-2-270-b02","series-title":"Surgery","first-page":"579","article-title":"Liver transplantation from controlled non-heart-beating donors","volume":"128","author":"D'Alessandro\n              AM,","year":"2000;","unstructured":"D'Alessandro\n              AM, \n            \n              Hoffmann\n              RM, \n            \n              Knechtle\n              SJ, \n            et al\n          . Liver transplantation from controlled non-heart-beating donors. Surgery. 2000;128(4):579\u2013588."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1543-2165-137-2-270-b03","series-title":"Liver Transpl","first-page":"651","article-title":"The utility of marginal donors in liver transplantation","volume":"9","author":"Busuttil\n              RW,","year":"2003;","unstructured":"Busuttil\n              RW, \n            \n              Tanaka\n              K. \n          \n          The utility of marginal donors in liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2003;9(7):651\u2013663."},{"key":"i1543-2165-137-2-270-b04","series-title":"Liver. Transplant Pathology Internet Services Web site","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liver. Transplant Pathology Internet Services Web site. http:\/\/tpis.upmc.com\/TPIShome\/changeBody.jsp?url=\/tpis\/liver\/LDonorFS.jsp?. Updated June 18, 2009. Accessed March 15,2012."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-137-2-270-b05","series-title":"Am J Transplant","first-page":"783","article-title":"Characteristics associated with liver graft failure: the concept of a donor risk index","volume":"6","author":"Feng\n              S,","year":"2006;","unstructured":"Feng\n              S, \n            \n              Goodrich\n              NP, \n            \n              Bragg-Gresham\n              JL, \n            et al\n          . Characteristics associated with liver graft failure: the concept of a donor risk index. Am J Transplant. 2006;6(4):783\u2013790."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-137-2-270-b06","series-title":"Transplant Proc","first-page":"975","article-title":"Extended criteria donors in liver transplantation: adapting donor quality and recipient","volume":"41","author":"Gastaca\n              M.","year":"2009;","unstructured":"Gastaca\n              M. \n          \n          Extended criteria donors in liver transplantation: adapting donor quality and recipient. Transplant Proc. 2009;41(3):975\u2013979."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1543-2165-137-2-270-b07","series-title":"Transplant Proc","first-page":"3289","article-title":"Outcome of patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation with elderly donors (over 60 years)","volume":"29","author":"Grande\n              L,","year":"1997;","unstructured":"Grande\n              L, \n            \n              Rull\n              A, \n            \n              Rimola\n              A, \n            et al\n          . 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Liver Transpl. 2002;8(6):545\u2013549."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-137-2-270-b16","series-title":"Transplantation","first-page":"807","article-title":"Risk factors for primary dysfunction after liver transplantation\u2014a multivariate analysis","volume":"55","author":"Ploeg\n              RJ,","year":"1993;","unstructured":"Ploeg\n              RJ, \n            \n              D'Alessandro\n              AM, \n            \n              Knechtle\n              SJ, \n            et al\n          . Risk factors for primary dysfunction after liver transplantation\u2014a multivariate analysis. 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Nutr Clin Pract. 2007;22(1):1\u201310."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1543-2165-137-2-270-b23","series-title":"Nutr Hosp","first-page":"358","article-title":"Liver changes in protein malnutrition: an experimental study in rats [in Spanish]","volume":"8","year":"1993;","unstructured":"Conde Martel A, Gonz\u00e1lez Reimers E, Santolaria Fern\u00e1ndez F, Castro Aleman V, Marchena Gomez J, Martinez Riera A. Liver changes in protein malnutrition: an experimental study in rats [in Spanish]. Nutr Hosp. 1993;8(6):358\u2013363."},{"key":"i1543-2165-137-2-270-b24","series-title":"Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 8th ed","first-page":"833","article-title":"Liver and biliary tract","author":"Crawford\n              JM,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Crawford\n              JM, \n            \n              Liu\n              C. \n          \n          Liver and biliary tract. In: KumarV, AbbasAK, FaustoN, AsterJ, eds. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 8th ed. 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