{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T21:47:04Z","timestamp":1793915224715,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a low-grade vascular tumor associated with Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus\/human herpesvirus 8 (KSHV\/HHV8) infection. Kaposi sarcoma lesions predominantly present at mucocutaneous sites, but may involve all organs and anatomic locations. Recognized epidemiologic-clinical forms of KS include classic, African (endemic), AIDS-associated (epidemic), and iatrogenic KS. New clinical manifestations have been described, such as antiretroviral therapy\u2013related KS regression or flares. Kaposi sarcoma lesions evolve from early (patch stage) macules into plaques (plaque stage) that grow into larger nodules (tumor stage). Newer histologic variants include anaplastic, hyperkeratotic, lymphangioma-like, bullous, telangiectatic, ecchymotic, keloidal, pyogenic granuloma\u2013like, micronodular, intravascular, glomeruloid and pigmented KS, as well as KS with sarcoidlike granulomas and KS with myoid nodules. Latency-associated nuclear antigen (HHV8) is the most specific immunohistochemical marker available to help distinguish KS from its mimics. Since KS remains one of the most common AIDS-defining malignancies, it is important that pathologists be able to recognize KS and its contemporary manifestations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2012-0101-rs","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,31]],"date-time":"2013-01-31T13:59:27Z","timestamp":1359640767000},"page":"289-294","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":264,"title":["Kaposi Sarcoma"],"prefix":"10.5858","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Oana","family":"Radu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liron","family":"Pantanowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3906","reference":[{"key":"i1543-2165-137-2-289-b01","series-title":"Archiv fur Dermatologi und Syphilis","first-page":"265","article-title":"Idiopathisces multiples Pigmentsarkom der Haut","volume":"3","author":"Kaposi\n              M.","year":"1872;","unstructured":"Kaposi\n              M. \n          \n          Idiopathisces multiples Pigmentsarkom der Haut. 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N Engl J Med. 2000;342(14):1027\u20131038."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-137-2-289-b04","series-title":"Curr Opin Oncol","first-page":"443","article-title":"Advances in the pathobiology and treatment of Kaposi sarcoma","volume":"16","author":"Pantanowitz\n              L,","year":"2004;","unstructured":"Pantanowitz\n              L, \n            \n              Dezube\n              BJ. \n          \n          Advances in the pathobiology and treatment of Kaposi sarcoma. Curr Opin Oncol. 2004;16(5):443\u2013449."},{"key":"i1543-2165-137-2-289-b05","series-title":"Kaposi Sarcoma: A Model of Oncogenesis","first-page":"1","article-title":"Overview of Kaposi sarcoma","author":"Pantanowitz\n              L,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pantanowitz\n              L, \n            \n              Stebbing\n              J, \n            \n              Dezube\n              BJ. \n          \n          Overview of Kaposi sarcoma. In: PantanowitzL, StebbingJ, DezubeBJ, eds. Kaposi Sarcoma: A Model of Oncogenesis. Kerala, India: Research Signpost;2010:1\u201340."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1543-2165-137-2-289-b06","series-title":"Nat Genet","first-page":"683","article-title":"Lymphatic reprogramming of blood vascular endothelium by Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus","volume":"36","author":"Hong\n              YK,","year":"2004;","unstructured":"Hong\n              YK, \n            \n              Foreman\n              K, \n            \n              Shin\n              JW, \n            et al\n          . Lymphatic reprogramming of blood vascular endothelium by Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. 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