{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T04:28:20Z","timestamp":1791952100137,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Context<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\u2014Breast cancer treatment has greatly evolved from radical mastectomy to more cosmetically acceptable and less-debilitating surgeries. Nipple-sparing mastectomy is increasingly done for both cancer treatment and risk reduction. The frequency of terminal duct lobular units (TDLUs) and occult neoplastic epithelial proliferation in grossly\/clinically unremarkable nipples (GUNs) is not well investigated.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\u2014To describe frequency of TDLUs and occult and overt neoplastic nipple involvement.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Design<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\u2014Nipples from 105 consecutive specimens (90 therapeutic, 15 prophylactic) were studied. Sixty-five nipples were entirely submitted to evaluate frequency of TDLUs; the rest had 1 vertical section submitted.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\u2014Terminal duct lobular unit was seen in 17 GUNs (26%). Six had TDLU in the base, 6 had it in the papilla, and 5 in both. Four GUNs showed lobular carcinoma in situ (1), Paget disease (1), and pagetoid extension of underlying malignancy (2). Grossly\/clinically abnormal nipples had Paget disease (2), lymphovascular invasion (2), invasive carcinoma (4), and pagetoid extension (5). Involved nipples were closer to tumor (mean, 1.1 versus 3.2 cm,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .001), had larger underlying tumors (mean, 4.3 versus 2.6 cm,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .03) and of higher grade (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .04), and more often had lymph node metastases (91% versus 44%,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .007). No pathologic abnormalities were found in prophylactic mastectomy nipples.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\u2014Terminal duct lobular units were seen in 26% of nipples. They were frequently seen in the nipple papilla. Occult neoplastic epithelial proliferation was seen in 5% of grossly\/clinically unremarkable therapeutic mastectomy nipples. Pagetoid extension was the dominant spread of underlying malignancy. Overall, the nipple was more often involved by larger and higher-grade tumors located closer to the nipple. All prophylactic mastectomies had unremarkable nipples. These findings should be considered while selecting patients for nipple-sparing mastectomy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2012-0137-oa","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,28]],"date-time":"2013-06-28T15:22:43Z","timestamp":1372432963000},"page":"955-960","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Prevalence of Terminal Duct Lobular Units and Frequency of Neoplastic Involvement of the Nipple in Mastectomy"],"prefix":"10.5858","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Oleksandr N.","family":"Kryvenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan. Dr Kryvenko is now with the Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, in Baltimore, Maryland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Yoon","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan. Dr Kryvenko is now with the Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, in Baltimore, Maryland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhananjay A.","family":"Chitale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan. Dr Kryvenko is now with the Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, in Baltimore, Maryland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min W.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan. Dr Kryvenko is now with the Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, in Baltimore, Maryland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3906","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-137-7-955-b01","series-title":"Br J Cancer","first-page":"108","article-title":"Comparative pathology of breast cancer in a randomised trial of screening","volume":"64","author":"Anderson\n              TJ,","year":"1991","unstructured":"Anderson\n              TJ, \n            \n              Lamb\n              J, \n            \n              Donnan\n              P, \n            et al\n          . Comparative pathology of breast cancer in a randomised trial of screening. Br J Cancer. 1991;64(1):108\u2013113."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-137-7-955-b02","series-title":"Arch Surg","first-page":"301","article-title":"The new era in breast cancer. Invasion, size, and nodal involvement dramatically decreasing as a result of mammographic screening","volume":"131","author":"Cady\n              B,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Cady\n              B, \n            \n              Stone\n              MD, \n            \n              Schuler\n              JG, \n            \n              Thakur\n              R, \n            \n              Wanner\n              MA, \n            \n              Lavin\n              PT. \n          \n          The new era in breast cancer. Invasion, size, and nodal involvement dramatically decreasing as a result of mammographic screening. Arch Surg. 1996;131(3):301\u2013308."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-137-7-955-b03","series-title":"Ann Surg","first-page":"338","article-title":"New therapeutic possibilities in primary invasive breast cancer","volume":"218","author":"Cady\n              B,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Cady\n              B, \n            \n              Stone\n              MD, \n            \n              Wayne\n              J. \n          \n          New therapeutic possibilities in primary invasive breast cancer. Ann Surg. 1993;218(3):338\u2013347."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-137-7-955-b04","series-title":"Am Surg","first-page":"55","article-title":"Traditional and future management of nonpalpable breast cancer","volume":"63","author":"Cady\n              B.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cady\n              B. \n          \n          Traditional and future management of nonpalpable breast cancer. Am Surg. 1997;63(1):55\u201358."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-137-7-955-b05","series-title":"Br J Surg","first-page":"305","article-title":"Nipple-sparing mastectomy","volume":"97","author":"Rusby\n              JE,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rusby\n              JE, \n            \n              Smith\n              BL, \n            \n              Gui\n              GP. \n          \n          Nipple-sparing mastectomy. Br J Surg. 2010;97(3):305\u2013316."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-137-7-955-b06","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"699","article-title":"The psychological contribution of nipple addition in breast reconstruction","volume":"80","author":"Wellisch\n              DK,","year":"1987","unstructured":"Wellisch\n              DK, \n            \n              Schain\n              WS, \n            \n              Noone\n              RB, \n            \n              Little\n              JW\n              III. \n          \n          The psychological contribution of nipple addition in breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1987;80(5):699\u2013704."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-137-7-955-b07","series-title":"Ann Surg Oncol","first-page":"438","article-title":"Terminal duct lobular units are scarce in the nipple: implications for prophylactic nipple-sparing mastectomy: terminal duct lobular units in the nipple","volume":"15","author":"Stolier\n              AJ,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stolier\n              AJ, \n            \n              Wang\n              J. \n          \n          Terminal duct lobular units are scarce in the nipple: implications for prophylactic nipple-sparing mastectomy: terminal duct lobular units in the nipple. Ann Surg Oncol. 2008;15(2):438\u2013442."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1543-2165-137-7-955-b08","series-title":"Ann Surg Oncol","first-page":"3102","article-title":"Prophylactic and therapeutic mastectomy in BRCA mutation carriers: can the nipple be preserved?","volume":"18","author":"Reynolds\n              C,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Reynolds\n              C, \n            \n              Davidson\n              JA, \n            \n              Lindor\n              NM, \n            et al\n          . Prophylactic and therapeutic mastectomy in BRCA mutation carriers: can the nipple be preserved?Ann Surg Oncol. 2011;18(11):3102\u20133109."},{"issue":"30","key":"i1543-2165-137-7-955-b09","series-title":"J Clin Oncol","first-page":"4948","article-title":"Occult nipple involvement in breast cancer: clinicopathologic findings in 316 consecutive mastectomy specimens","volume":"27","author":"Brachtel\n              EF,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Brachtel\n              EF, \n            \n              Rusby\n              JE, \n            \n              Michaelson\n              JS, \n            et al\n          . Occult nipple involvement in breast cancer: clinicopathologic findings in 316 consecutive mastectomy specimens. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(30):4948\u20134954."},{"issue":"1B","key":"i1543-2165-137-7-955-b10","series-title":"Anticancer Res","first-page":"571","article-title":"Comparison of the prognostic value of Scarff-Bloom-Richardson and Nottingham histological grades in a series of 825 cases of breast cancer: major importance of the mitotic count as a component of both grading systems","volume":"18","author":"Genestie\n              C,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Genestie\n              C, \n            \n              Zafrani\n              B, \n            \n              Asselain\n              B, \n            et al\n          . Comparison of the prognostic value of Scarff-Bloom-Richardson and Nottingham histological grades in a series of 825 cases of breast cancer: major importance of the mitotic count as a component of both grading systems. Anticancer Res. 1998;18(1B):571\u2013576."},{"key":"i1543-2165-137-7-955-b11","series-title":"Histology for Pathologists","first-page":"57","article-title":"Breast","author":"Schnitt\n              SJ,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schnitt\n              SJ, \n            \n              Collins\n              LC. \n          \n          Breast. In: MillsSE, ed. Histology for Pathologists. Philadelphia, PA: LWW;2007:57\u201375."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-137-7-955-b12","series-title":"Am J Surg","first-page":"391","article-title":"Mammographic distance as a predictor of nipple-areola complex involvement in breast cancer","volume":"195","author":"Loewen\n              MJ,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Loewen\n              MJ, \n            \n              Jennings\n              JA, \n            \n              Sherman\n              SR, \n            et al\n          . Mammographic distance as a predictor of nipple-areola complex involvement in breast cancer. Am J Surg. 2008;195(3):391\u2013394."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-137-7-955-b13","series-title":"Neoplasma","first-page":"72","article-title":"Prediction of occult nipple-areola complex involvement in breast cancer patients","volume":"56","author":"Gulben\n              K,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gulben\n              K, \n            \n              Yildirim\n              E, \n            \n              Berberoglu\n              U. \n          \n          Prediction of occult nipple-areola complex involvement in breast cancer patients. Neoplasma. 2009;56(1):72\u201375."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-137-7-955-b14","series-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol","first-page":"481","article-title":"Nipple involvement and multicentricity in breast cancer: a study on whole organ sections","volume":"113","author":"Luttges\n              J,","year":"1987","unstructured":"Luttges\n              J, \n            \n              Kalbfleisch\n              H, \n            \n              Prinz\n              P. \n          \n          Nipple involvement and multicentricity in breast cancer: a study on whole organ sections. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 1987;113(5):481\u2013487."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-137-7-955-b15","series-title":"Br J Cancer","first-page":"81","article-title":"Cancer of the breast with nipple involvement","volume":"59","author":"Menon\n              RS,","year":"1989","unstructured":"Menon\n              RS, \n            \n              van Geel\n              AN. \n          \n          Cancer of the breast with nipple involvement. Br J Cancer. 1989;59(1):81\u201384."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-137-7-955-b16","series-title":"Ann Surg","first-page":"288","article-title":"Subcutaneous mastectomy with conservation of the nipple-areola skin: broadening the indications","volume":"250","author":"Paepke\n              S,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Paepke\n              S, \n            \n              Schmid\n              R, \n            \n              Fleckner\n              S, \n            et al\n          . Subcutaneous mastectomy with conservation of the nipple-areola skin: broadening the indications. Ann Surg. 2009;250(2):288\u2013292."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1543-2165-137-7-955-b17","series-title":"Ann Surg Oncol","first-page":"3396","article-title":"Nipple-sparing mastectomy: critical assessment of 51 procedures and implications for selection criteria","volume":"15","author":"Voltura\n              AM,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Voltura\n              AM, \n            \n              Tsangaris\n              TN, \n            \n              Rosson\n              GD, \n            et al\n          . Nipple-sparing mastectomy: critical assessment of 51 procedures and implications for selection criteria. Ann Surg Oncol. 2008;15(12):3396\u20133401."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-137-7-955-b18","series-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst","first-page":"231","article-title":"An atlas of subgross pathology of the human breast with special reference to possible precancerous lesions","volume":"55","author":"Wellings\n              SR,","year":"1975","unstructured":"Wellings\n              SR, \n            \n              Jensen\n              HM, \n            \n              Marcum\n              RG. \n          \n          An atlas of subgross pathology of the human breast with special reference to possible precancerous lesions. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1975;55(2):231\u2013273."},{"issue":"pt 2","key":"i1543-2165-137-7-955-b19","series-title":"Pathol Annu","first-page":"317","article-title":"Lobules in the nipple: frequency and significance for breast cancer treatment","volume":"20","author":"Rosen\n              PP,","year":"1985","unstructured":"Rosen\n              PP, \n            \n              Tench\n              W. \n          \n          Lobules in the nipple: frequency and significance for breast cancer treatment. Pathol Annu. 1985;20(pt 2):317\u2013322."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1543-2165-137-7-955-b20","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"800","article-title":"\u201cApple coring\u201d the nipple in subcutaneous mastectomy","volume":"64","author":"Randall\n              P,","year":"1979","unstructured":"Randall\n              P, \n            \n              Dabb\n              R, \n            \n              Loc\n              N. \n          \n          \u201cApple coring\u201d the nipple in subcutaneous mastectomy. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1979;64(6):800\u2013803."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-137-7-955-b21","series-title":"Ann Surg Oncol","first-page":"165","article-title":"Analysis of nipple\/areolar involvement with mastectomy: can the areola be preserved?","volume":"9","author":"Simmons\n              RM,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Simmons\n              RM, \n            \n              Brennan\n              M, \n            \n              Christos\n              P, \n            \n              King\n              V, \n            \n              Osborne\n              M. \n          \n          Analysis of nipple\/areolar involvement with mastectomy: can the areola be preserved?\n          Ann Surg Oncol. 2002;9(2):165\u2013168."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-137-7-955-b22","series-title":"Br Breast Cancer Res Treat","first-page":"47","article-title":"Nipple-sparing mastectomy in association with intra operative radiotherapy (ELIOT): a new type of mastectomy for breast cancer treatment","volume":"96","author":"Petit\n              JY,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Petit\n              JY, \n            \n              Veronesi\n              U, \n            \n              Orecchia\n              R, \n            et al\n          . Nipple-sparing mastectomy in association with intra operative radiotherapy (ELIOT): a new type of mastectomy for breast cancer treatment. Br Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2006;96(1):47\u201351."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-137-7-955-b23","series-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat","first-page":"333","article-title":"Nipple sparing mastectomy with nipple areola intraoperative radiotherapy: one thousand and one cases of a five years experience at the European institute of oncology of Milan (EIO)","volume":"117","author":"Petit\n              JY,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Petit\n              JY, \n            \n              Veronesi\n              U, \n            \n              Orecchia\n              R, \n            et al\n          . Nipple sparing mastectomy with nipple areola intraoperative radiotherapy: one thousand and one cases of a five years experience at the European institute of oncology of Milan (EIO). Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2009;117(2):333\u2013338."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-137-7-955-b01","series-title":"Br J Cancer","first-page":"108","article-title":"Comparative pathology of breast cancer in a randomised trial of screening","volume":"64","author":"Anderson\n              TJ,","year":"1991","unstructured":"Anderson\n              TJ, \n            \n              Lamb\n              J, \n            \n              Donnan\n              P, \n            et al\n          . Comparative pathology of breast cancer in a randomised trial of screening. Br J Cancer. 1991;64(1):108\u2013113."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-137-7-955-b02","series-title":"Arch Surg","first-page":"301","article-title":"The new era in breast cancer. Invasion, size, and nodal involvement dramatically decreasing as a result of mammographic screening","volume":"131","author":"Cady\n              B,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Cady\n              B, \n            \n              Stone\n              MD, \n            \n              Schuler\n              JG, \n            \n              Thakur\n              R, \n            \n              Wanner\n              MA, \n            \n              Lavin\n              PT. \n          \n          The new era in breast cancer. Invasion, size, and nodal involvement dramatically decreasing as a result of mammographic screening. Arch Surg. 1996;131(3):301\u2013308."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-137-7-955-b03","series-title":"Ann Surg","first-page":"338","article-title":"New therapeutic possibilities in primary invasive breast cancer","volume":"218","author":"Cady\n              B,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Cady\n              B, \n            \n              Stone\n              MD, \n            \n              Wayne\n              J. \n          \n          New therapeutic possibilities in primary invasive breast cancer. Ann Surg. 1993;218(3):338\u2013347."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-137-7-955-b04","series-title":"Am Surg","first-page":"55","article-title":"Traditional and future management of nonpalpable breast cancer","volume":"63","author":"Cady\n              B.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cady\n              B. \n          \n          Traditional and future management of nonpalpable breast cancer. Am Surg. 1997;63(1):55\u201358."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-137-7-955-b05","series-title":"Br J Surg","first-page":"305","article-title":"Nipple-sparing mastectomy","volume":"97","author":"Rusby\n              JE,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rusby\n              JE, \n            \n              Smith\n              BL, \n            \n              Gui\n              GP. \n          \n          Nipple-sparing mastectomy. Br J Surg. 2010;97(3):305\u2013316."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-137-7-955-b06","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"699","article-title":"The psychological contribution of nipple addition in breast reconstruction","volume":"80","author":"Wellisch\n              DK,","year":"1987","unstructured":"Wellisch\n              DK, \n            \n              Schain\n              WS, \n            \n              Noone\n              RB, \n            \n              Little\n              JW\n              III. \n          \n          The psychological contribution of nipple addition in breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1987;80(5):699\u2013704."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-137-7-955-b07","series-title":"Ann Surg Oncol","first-page":"438","article-title":"Terminal duct lobular units are scarce in the nipple: implications for prophylactic nipple-sparing mastectomy: terminal duct lobular units in the nipple","volume":"15","author":"Stolier\n              AJ,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stolier\n              AJ, \n            \n              Wang\n              J. \n          \n          Terminal duct lobular units are scarce in the nipple: implications for prophylactic nipple-sparing mastectomy: terminal duct lobular units in the nipple. Ann Surg Oncol. 2008;15(2):438\u2013442."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1543-2165-137-7-955-b08","series-title":"Ann Surg Oncol","first-page":"3102","article-title":"Prophylactic and therapeutic mastectomy in BRCA mutation carriers: can the nipple be preserved?","volume":"18","author":"Reynolds\n              C,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Reynolds\n              C, \n            \n              Davidson\n              JA, \n            \n              Lindor\n              NM, \n            et al\n          . Prophylactic and therapeutic mastectomy in BRCA mutation carriers: can the nipple be preserved?Ann Surg Oncol. 2011;18(11):3102\u20133109."},{"issue":"30","key":"i1543-2165-137-7-955-b09","series-title":"J Clin Oncol","first-page":"4948","article-title":"Occult nipple involvement in breast cancer: clinicopathologic findings in 316 consecutive mastectomy specimens","volume":"27","author":"Brachtel\n              EF,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Brachtel\n              EF, \n            \n              Rusby\n              JE, \n            \n              Michaelson\n              JS, \n            et al\n          . Occult nipple involvement in breast cancer: clinicopathologic findings in 316 consecutive mastectomy specimens. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(30):4948\u20134954."},{"issue":"1B","key":"i1543-2165-137-7-955-b10","series-title":"Anticancer Res","first-page":"571","article-title":"Comparison of the prognostic value of Scarff-Bloom-Richardson and Nottingham histological grades in a series of 825 cases of breast cancer: major importance of the mitotic count as a component of both grading systems","volume":"18","author":"Genestie\n              C,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Genestie\n              C, \n            \n              Zafrani\n              B, \n            \n              Asselain\n              B, \n            et al\n          . Comparison of the prognostic value of Scarff-Bloom-Richardson and Nottingham histological grades in a series of 825 cases of breast cancer: major importance of the mitotic count as a component of both grading systems. Anticancer Res. 1998;18(1B):571\u2013576."},{"key":"i1543-2165-137-7-955-b11","series-title":"Histology for Pathologists","first-page":"57","article-title":"Breast","author":"Schnitt\n              SJ,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schnitt\n              SJ, \n            \n              Collins\n              LC. \n          \n          Breast. In: MillsSE, ed. Histology for Pathologists. Philadelphia, PA: LWW;2007:57\u201375."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-137-7-955-b12","series-title":"Am J Surg","first-page":"391","article-title":"Mammographic distance as a predictor of nipple-areola complex involvement in breast cancer","volume":"195","author":"Loewen\n              MJ,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Loewen\n              MJ, \n            \n              Jennings\n              JA, \n            \n              Sherman\n              SR, \n            et al\n          . Mammographic distance as a predictor of nipple-areola complex involvement in breast cancer. Am J Surg. 2008;195(3):391\u2013394."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-137-7-955-b13","series-title":"Neoplasma","first-page":"72","article-title":"Prediction of occult nipple-areola complex involvement in breast cancer patients","volume":"56","author":"Gulben\n              K,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gulben\n              K, \n            \n              Yildirim\n              E, \n            \n              Berberoglu\n              U. \n          \n          Prediction of occult nipple-areola complex involvement in breast cancer patients. Neoplasma. 2009;56(1):72\u201375."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-137-7-955-b14","series-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol","first-page":"481","article-title":"Nipple involvement and multicentricity in breast cancer: a study on whole organ sections","volume":"113","author":"Luttges\n              J,","year":"1987","unstructured":"Luttges\n              J, \n            \n              Kalbfleisch\n              H, \n            \n              Prinz\n              P. \n          \n          Nipple involvement and multicentricity in breast cancer: a study on whole organ sections. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 1987;113(5):481\u2013487."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-137-7-955-b15","series-title":"Br J Cancer","first-page":"81","article-title":"Cancer of the breast with nipple involvement","volume":"59","author":"Menon\n              RS,","year":"1989","unstructured":"Menon\n              RS, \n            \n              van Geel\n              AN. \n          \n          Cancer of the breast with nipple involvement. Br J Cancer. 1989;59(1):81\u201384."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-137-7-955-b16","series-title":"Ann Surg","first-page":"288","article-title":"Subcutaneous mastectomy with conservation of the nipple-areola skin: broadening the indications","volume":"250","author":"Paepke\n              S,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Paepke\n              S, \n            \n              Schmid\n              R, \n            \n              Fleckner\n              S, \n            et al\n          . Subcutaneous mastectomy with conservation of the nipple-areola skin: broadening the indications. Ann Surg. 2009;250(2):288\u2013292."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1543-2165-137-7-955-b17","series-title":"Ann Surg Oncol","first-page":"3396","article-title":"Nipple-sparing mastectomy: critical assessment of 51 procedures and implications for selection criteria","volume":"15","author":"Voltura\n              AM,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Voltura\n              AM, \n            \n              Tsangaris\n              TN, \n            \n              Rosson\n              GD, \n            et al\n          . Nipple-sparing mastectomy: critical assessment of 51 procedures and implications for selection criteria. Ann Surg Oncol. 2008;15(12):3396\u20133401."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-137-7-955-b18","series-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst","first-page":"231","article-title":"An atlas of subgross pathology of the human breast with special reference to possible precancerous lesions","volume":"55","author":"Wellings\n              SR,","year":"1975","unstructured":"Wellings\n              SR, \n            \n              Jensen\n              HM, \n            \n              Marcum\n              RG. \n          \n          An atlas of subgross pathology of the human breast with special reference to possible precancerous lesions. 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