{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T04:14:05Z","timestamp":1770783245396,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"\n Context.<\/jats:italic>\n \u2014Systemic inflammatory diseases are associated with proatherogenic lipoprotein profile, but there is a lack of information regarding overall distributions of lipoprotein subclasses in sarcoidosis.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Objective.<\/jats:italic>\n \u2014To investigate whether patients with sarcoidosis have altered distributions of plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Design.<\/jats:italic>\n \u2014Seventy-seven patients with biopsy-proven sarcoidosis (29 with acute and 48 with chronic sarcoidosis) treated with corticosteroids and 77 age- and sex-matched controls were included in the study. Low-density lipoprotein and HDL subclasses were determined by gradient gel electrophoresis, while inflammatory markers and lipid parameters were measured by standard laboratory methods.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Results.<\/jats:italic>\n \u2014Compared to controls, patients had fewer LDL I subclasses (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001), but more LDL II and III (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001) subclasses. This pattern was evident in both acute and chronic disease groups. Patients also had smaller HDL size (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001) and higher proportions of HDL 2a (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .006) and 3a particles (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .004). Patients with chronic sarcoidosis had smaller LDL size than those with acute disease (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .02) and higher proportions of HDL 3a subclasses (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .04) than controls. In acute sarcoidosis, relative proportions of LDL and HDL particles were associated with levels of inflammatory markers, whereas in chronic disease an association with concentrations of serum lipid parameters was found.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusions.<\/jats:italic>\n \u2014The obtained results demonstrate adverse lipoprotein subfraction profile in sarcoidosis with sustained alterations during disease course. Evaluation of LDL and HDL particles may be helpful in identifying patients with higher cardiovascular risk, at least for prolonged corticosteroid therapy due to chronic disease course.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2012-0299-oa","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,27]],"date-time":"2013-11-27T17:04:23Z","timestamp":1385571863000},"page":"1780-1787","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Distribution of Low-Density Lipoprotein and High-Density Lipoprotein Subclasses in Patients With Sarcoidosis"],"prefix":"10.5858","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Jelena","family":"Vekic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (Drs Vekic, Zeljkovic, Jelic-Ivanovic, Spasojevic-Kalimanovska, and Spasic and Mses Ivanisevic and Gojkovic); and the Institute for Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (Drs Videnovic-Ivanov and Vucinic-Mihailovic)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Zeljkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (Drs Vekic, Zeljkovic, Jelic-Ivanovic, Spasojevic-Kalimanovska, and Spasic and Mses Ivanisevic and Gojkovic); and the Institute for Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (Drs Videnovic-Ivanov and Vucinic-Mihailovic)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zorana","family":"Jelic-Ivanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (Drs Vekic, Zeljkovic, Jelic-Ivanovic, Spasojevic-Kalimanovska, and Spasic and Mses Ivanisevic and Gojkovic); and the Institute for Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (Drs Videnovic-Ivanov and Vucinic-Mihailovic)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vesna","family":"Spasojevic-Kalimanovska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (Drs Vekic, Zeljkovic, Jelic-Ivanovic, Spasojevic-Kalimanovska, and Spasic and Mses Ivanisevic and Gojkovic); and the Institute for Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (Drs Videnovic-Ivanov and Vucinic-Mihailovic)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Slavica","family":"Spasic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (Drs Vekic, Zeljkovic, Jelic-Ivanovic, Spasojevic-Kalimanovska, and Spasic and Mses Ivanisevic and Gojkovic); and the Institute for Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (Drs Videnovic-Ivanov and Vucinic-Mihailovic)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jelica","family":"Videnovic-Ivanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (Drs Vekic, Zeljkovic, Jelic-Ivanovic, Spasojevic-Kalimanovska, and Spasic and Mses Ivanisevic and Gojkovic); and the Institute for Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (Drs Videnovic-Ivanov and Vucinic-Mihailovic)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jasmina","family":"Ivanisevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (Drs Vekic, Zeljkovic, Jelic-Ivanovic, Spasojevic-Kalimanovska, and Spasic and Mses Ivanisevic and Gojkovic); and the Institute for Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (Drs Videnovic-Ivanov and Vucinic-Mihailovic)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Violeta","family":"Vucinic-Mihailovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (Drs Vekic, Zeljkovic, Jelic-Ivanovic, Spasojevic-Kalimanovska, and Spasic and Mses Ivanisevic and Gojkovic); and the Institute for Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (Drs Videnovic-Ivanov and Vucinic-Mihailovic)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Gojkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (Drs Vekic, Zeljkovic, Jelic-Ivanovic, Spasojevic-Kalimanovska, and Spasic and Mses Ivanisevic and Gojkovic); and the Institute for Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (Drs Videnovic-Ivanov and Vucinic-Mihailovic)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3906","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b01","series-title":"Metabolism","first-page":"878","article-title":"Altered high density lipoprotein metabolism in patients with myeloproliferative disorders and hypocholesterolemia","volume":"35","author":"Ginsberg\n HN,","year":"1986","unstructured":"Ginsberg\n HN,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Le\n NA,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Gilbert\n HS.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Altered high density lipoprotein metabolism in patients with myeloproliferative disorders and hypocholesterolemia.\n\t\t\t\t\tMetabolism.\n\t\t\t\t\t1986;\n\t\t\t\t\t35(\n\t\t\t\t\t9):\n\t\t\t\t\t878\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t882."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b02","series-title":"Arteriosclerosis","first-page":"233","article-title":"Increased catabolism of native and cyclohexanedione modified low density lipoprotein in subjects with myeloproliferative diseases","volume":"3","author":"Ginsberg\n HN,","year":"1983","unstructured":"Ginsberg\n HN,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Goldberg\n I,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Wang-Iverson\n P,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n et al\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tIncreased catabolism of native and cyclohexanedione modified low density lipoprotein in subjects with myeloproliferative 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Fagerstrom\n R,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Teirstein\n AS.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n High-density lipoprotein cholesterol is reduced in patients with sarcoidosis.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t1989;\n\t\t\t\t\t86(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t376\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t378."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b05","series-title":"Atherosclerosis","first-page":"133","article-title":"Low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with active sarcoidosis","volume":"136","author":"Salazar\n A,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Salazar\n A,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Ma\u00f1a\n J,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Pinto\n X,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n et al\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tLow levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with active sarcoidosis.\n\t\t\t\t\tAtherosclerosis.\n\t\t\t\t\t1998;\n\t\t\t\t\t136(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t133\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t137."},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b06","series-title":"Clin Lab","first-page":"421","article-title":"Should we routinely measure low-density and high-density lipoprotein subclasses?","volume":"55","author":"Rizzo\n M,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rizzo\n M,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Berneis\n K,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Zeljkovic\n A,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Vekic\n J.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Should we routinely measure low-density and high-density lipoprotein subclasses?\n Clin Lab.\n\t\t\t\t\t2009;\n\t\t\t\t\t55(\n\t\t\t\t\t11\u201312):\n\t\t\t\t\t421\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t429."},{"key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b07","series-title":"Vasc Health Risk Manag","first-page":"75","article-title":"Prevalence of LDL atherogenic phenotype in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"7","author":"Olusi\n SO,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Olusi\n SO,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n George\n S.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Prevalence of LDL atherogenic phenotype in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.\n\t\t\t\t\tVasc Health Risk Manag.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t7:\n\t\t\t\t\t75\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t80."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b08","series-title":"Atherosclerosis","first-page":"502","article-title":"Atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype and LDL size and subclasses in drug-na\u00efve patients with early rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"207","author":"Rizzo\n M,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rizzo\n M,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Spinas\n GA,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Cesur\n M,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Ozbalkan\n Z,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Rini\n GB,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Berneis\n K.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype and LDL size and subclasses in drug-na\u00efve patients with early rheumatoid arthritis.\n\t\t\t\t\tAtherosclerosis.\n\t\t\t\t\t2009;\n\t\t\t\t\t207(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t502\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t506."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b09","series-title":"Can J Cardiol","first-page":"174","article-title":"Chronic inflammatory diseases and cardiovascular risk: a systematic review","volume":"27","author":"Roifman\n I,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Roifman\n I,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Beck\n PL,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Anderson\n TJ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Eisenberg\n MJ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Genest\n J.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Chronic inflammatory diseases and cardiovascular risk: a systematic review.\n\t\t\t\t\tCan J Cardiol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t27(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t174\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t182."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b10","series-title":"Arch Intern Med","first-page":"551","article-title":"Association between pulmonary fibrosis and coronary artery disease","volume":"164","author":"Kizer\n JR,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kizer\n JR,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Zisman\n DA,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Blumenthal\n NP,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n et al\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tAssociation between pulmonary fibrosis and coronary artery disease.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Intern Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;\n\t\t\t\t\t164(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t551\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t556."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b11","series-title":"Blood Press","first-page":"286","article-title":"Assessment of aortic elastic properties in patients with sarcoidosis","volume":"21","author":"Ardic\n I,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ardic\n I,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Yarlioglues\n M,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Dogdu\n O,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n et al\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tAssessment of aortic elastic properties in patients with sarcoidosis.\n\t\t\t\t\tBlood Press.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t21(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t286\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t292."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b12","series-title":"Clin Biochem","first-page":"677","article-title":"Dyslipidemia and oxidative stress in sarcoidosis patients","volume":"45","author":"Ivani\u0161evi\u0107\n J,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ivani\u0161evi\u0107\n J,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Kotur-Stevuljevi\u0107\n J,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Stefanovi\u0107\n 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Acta","first-page":"59","article-title":"Corticosteroid therapy increases HDL-cholesterol concentrations in patients with active sarcoidosis and hypoalphalipoproteinemia","volume":"320","author":"Salazar\n A,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Salazar\n A,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Ma\u00f1\u00e1\n J,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Pint\u00f3\n X,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Argim\u00f3n\n JM,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Hurtado\n I,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Pujol\n R.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Corticosteroid therapy increases HDL-cholesterol concentrations in patients with active sarcoidosis and hypoalphalipoproteinemia.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin Chim Acta.\n\t\t\t\t\t2002;\n\t\t\t\t\t320(\n\t\t\t\t\t1\u20132):\n\t\t\t\t\t59\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t64."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b15","series-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am","first-page":"409","article-title":"Glucocorticoids and cardiovascular risk factors","volume":"40","author":"Strohmayer\n EA,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Strohmayer\n EA,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Krakoff\n LR.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Glucocorticoids and cardiovascular risk factors.\n\t\t\t\t\tEndocrinol Metab Clin North Am.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t40(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t409\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t417."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b16","series-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","first-page":"736","article-title":"Statement on sarcoidosis","volume":"160","year":"1999","unstructured":"The joint statement of the American Thoracic Society (ATS), the European Respiratory Society (ERS) and the World Association of Sarcoidosis and Other Granulomatous Disorders (WASOG).\n\t\t\t\t\tStatement on sarcoidosis.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Respir Crit Care Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t1999;\n\t\t\t\t\t160(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t736\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t755."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b17","series-title":"Circulation","first-page":"227","article-title":"Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines","volume":"110","author":"Grundy\n SM,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Grundy\n SM,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Cleeman\n JI,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Merz\n CN,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n et al\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tImplications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines.\n\t\t\t\t\tCirculation.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;\n\t\t\t\t\t110(\n\t\t\t\t\t6):\n\t\t\t\t\t227\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t239."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b18","series-title":"J Lipid Res","first-page":"773","article-title":"Improved method for making nondenaturing composite gradient gels for the electrophoretic separation of lipoproteins","volume":"45","author":"Rainwater\n DL,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rainwater\n DL,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Moore\n PH,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Gamboa\n IO.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Improved method for making nondenaturing composite gradient gels for the electrophoretic separation of lipoproteins.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Lipid Res.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;\n\t\t\t\t\t45(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t773\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t775."},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b19","series-title":"Clin Biochem","first-page":"310","article-title":"and HDL subclasses and their relationship with Framingham risk score in middle-aged Serbian population","volume":"40","author":"Vekic\n J,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vekic\n J,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Topic\n A,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Zeljkovic\n A,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Jelic-Ivanovic\n Z,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Spasojevic-Kalimanovska\n V. LDL\n \n \n and HDL subclasses and their relationship with Framingham risk score in middle-aged Serbian population.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin Biochem.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t40(\n\t\t\t\t\t5\u20136):\n\t\t\t\t\t310\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t316."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b20","series-title":"Atherosclerosis","first-page":"548","article-title":"LDL and HDL subclasses in acute ischemic stroke: prediction of risk and short-term mortality","volume":"210","author":"Zeljkovic\n A,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zeljkovic\n A,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Vekic\n J,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Spasojevic-Kalimanovska\n V,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n et al\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tLDL and HDL subclasses in acute ischemic stroke: prediction of risk and short-term mortality.\n\t\t\t\t\tAtherosclerosis.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010;\n\t\t\t\t\t210(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t548\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t554."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b21","series-title":"Transpl Int","first-page":"1094","article-title":"Characteristics of low-density 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Atherosclerosis.\n\t\t\t\t\t1999;\n\t\t\t\t\t145(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t1\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t15."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b23","series-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med","first-page":"1679","article-title":"Atherogenic lipid phenotype in a general group of subjects","volume":"131","author":"Van\n J,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Van\n J,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Pan\n J,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Charles\n MA,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Krauss\n R,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Wong\n N,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Wu\n X.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Atherogenic lipid phenotype in a general group of subjects.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Pathol Lab Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t131(\n\t\t\t\t\t11):\n\t\t\t\t\t1679\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1685."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b24","series-title":"Atherosclerosis","first-page":"3","article-title":"HDL biogenesis and functions: role of HDL quality and quantity in atherosclerosis","volume":"208","author":"Tsompanidi\n EM,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tsompanidi\n EM,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Brinkmeier\n MS,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Fotiadou\n EH,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Giakoumi\n SM,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Kypreos\n KE.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n HDL biogenesis and functions: role of HDL quality and quantity in atherosclerosis.\n\t\t\t\t\tAtherosclerosis.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010;\n\t\t\t\t\t208(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t3\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t9."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b25","series-title":"Atherosclerosis","first-page":"497","article-title":"Influence of serum amyloid A on the decrease of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol in active sarcoidosis","volume":"152","author":"Salazar\n A,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Salazar\n A,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Ma\u00f1a\n J,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Fiol\n C,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n et al\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tInfluence of serum amyloid A on the decrease of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol in active sarcoidosis.\n\t\t\t\t\tAtherosclerosis.\n\t\t\t\t\t2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t152(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t497\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t502."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b26","series-title":"Am J Med","first-page":"632","article-title":"Relationship between corticosteroid exposure and plasma lipid levels in heart transplant recipients","volume":"85","author":"Becker\n DM,","year":"1988","unstructured":"Becker\n DM,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Chamberlain\n B,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Swank\n R,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n et al\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tRelationship between corticosteroid exposure and plasma lipid levels in heart transplant recipients.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t1988;\n\t\t\t\t\t85(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t632\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t638."},{"issue":"16","key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b27","series-title":"Circulation","first-page":"1887","article-title":"Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"104","author":"Svenungsson\n E,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Svenungsson\n E,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Jensen-Urstad\n K,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Heimburger\n M,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n et al\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tRisk factors for cardiovascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus.\n\t\t\t\t\tCirculation.\n\t\t\t\t\t2001;\n\t\t\t\t\t104(\n\t\t\t\t\t16):\n\t\t\t\t\t1887\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1893."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b28","series-title":"J Rheumatol","first-page":"445","article-title":"Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis in Northern Sweden","volume":"24","author":"Wallberg-Jonsson\n S,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wallberg-Jonsson\n S,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Ohman\n ML,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Dahlqvist\n SR.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis in Northern Sweden.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Rheumatol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1997;\n\t\t\t\t\t24(\n\t\t\t\t\t3):\n\t\t\t\t\t445\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t451."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b29","series-title":"Heart","first-page":"859","article-title":"Use of oral glucocorticoids and risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease in a population based case-control study","volume":"90","author":"Souverein\n PC,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Souverein\n PC,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Berard\n A,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Van Staa\n TP,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n et al\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tUse of oral glucocorticoids and risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease in a population based case-control study.\n\t\t\t\t\tHeart.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;\n\t\t\t\t\t90(\n\t\t\t\t\t8):\n\t\t\t\t\t859\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t865."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b30","series-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol","first-page":"95","article-title":"Therapy for sarcoidosis: evidence-based recommendations","volume":"8","author":"Baughman\n RP,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baughman\n RP,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Nunes\n H.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Therapy for sarcoidosis: evidence-based recommendations.\n\t\t\t\t\tExpert Rev Clin Immunol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t8(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t95\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t103."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b31","series-title":"Chest","first-page":"154","article-title":"Management of cardiac sarcoidosis in the United States: a Delphi study","volume":"141","author":"Hamzeh\n NY,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hamzeh\n NY,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Wamboldt\n FS,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Weinberger\n HD.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Management of cardiac sarcoidosis in the United States: a Delphi study.\n\t\t\t\t\tChest.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t141(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t154\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t162."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b32","series-title":"Am Rev Resp Dis","first-page":"483","article-title":"Amounts of angiotensin-converting enzyme mRNA reflect the burden of granulomas in granulomatous lung disease","volume":"148","author":"Gilbert\n S,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Gilbert\n S,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Steinbrech\n DS,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Landas\n SK,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Hunninghake\n GW.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Amounts of angiotensin-converting enzyme mRNA reflect the burden of granulomas in granulomatous lung disease.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm Rev Resp Dis.\n\t\t\t\t\t1993;\n\t\t\t\t\t148(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t483\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t486."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b33","series-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc","first-page":"461","article-title":"Role of CD4+ T cells in sarcoidosis","volume":"4","author":"Grunewald\n J,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Grunewald\n J,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Eklund\n A.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Role of CD4+ T cells in sarcoidosis.\n\t\t\t\t\tProc Am Thorac Soc.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t4(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t461\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t464."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b34","series-title":"Circulation","first-page":"161","article-title":"Plasma concentration of C-reactive protein and the calculated Framingham coronary heart disease risk score","volume":"108","author":"Albert\n MA,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Albert\n MA,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Glynn\n RJ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Ridker\n PM.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Plasma concentration of C-reactive protein and the calculated Framingham coronary heart disease risk score.\n\t\t\t\t\tCirculation.\n\t\t\t\t\t2003;\n\t\t\t\t\t108(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t161\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t165."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b01","series-title":"Metabolism","first-page":"878","article-title":"Altered high density lipoprotein metabolism in patients with myeloproliferative disorders and hypocholesterolemia","volume":"35","author":"Ginsberg\n HN,","year":"1986","unstructured":"Ginsberg\n HN,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Le\n NA,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Gilbert\n HS.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Altered high density lipoprotein metabolism in patients with myeloproliferative disorders and hypocholesterolemia.\n\t\t\t\t\tMetabolism.\n\t\t\t\t\t1986;\n\t\t\t\t\t35(\n\t\t\t\t\t9):\n\t\t\t\t\t878\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t882."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b02","series-title":"Arteriosclerosis","first-page":"233","article-title":"Increased catabolism of native and cyclohexanedione modified low density lipoprotein in subjects with myeloproliferative diseases","volume":"3","author":"Ginsberg\n HN,","year":"1983","unstructured":"Ginsberg\n HN,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Goldberg\n I,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Wang-Iverson\n P,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n et al\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tIncreased catabolism of native and cyclohexanedione modified low density lipoprotein in subjects with myeloproliferative diseases.\n\t\t\t\t\tArteriosclerosis.\n\t\t\t\t\t1983;\n\t\t\t\t\t3(\n\t\t\t\t\t3):\n\t\t\t\t\t233\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t241."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b03","series-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol","first-page":"457","article-title":"Sarcoidosis: scientific progress and clinical challenges","volume":"7","author":"Chen\n ES,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chen\n ES,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Moller\n DR.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Sarcoidosis: scientific progress and clinical challenges.\n\t\t\t\t\tNat Rev Rheumatol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t7(\n\t\t\t\t\t8):\n\t\t\t\t\t457\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t467."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b04","series-title":"Am J Med","first-page":"376","article-title":"High-density lipoprotein cholesterol is reduced in patients with sarcoidosis","volume":"86","author":"Kindman\n LA,","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kindman\n LA,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Gilbert\n HS,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Almenoff\n JS,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Ginsberg\n H,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Fagerstrom\n R,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Teirstein\n AS.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n High-density lipoprotein cholesterol is reduced in patients with sarcoidosis.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t1989;\n\t\t\t\t\t86(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t376\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t378."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b05","series-title":"Atherosclerosis","first-page":"133","article-title":"Low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with active sarcoidosis","volume":"136","author":"Salazar\n A,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Salazar\n A,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Ma\u00f1a\n J,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Pinto\n X,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n et al\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tLow levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with active sarcoidosis.\n\t\t\t\t\tAtherosclerosis.\n\t\t\t\t\t1998;\n\t\t\t\t\t136(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t133\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t137."},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b06","series-title":"Clin Lab","first-page":"421","article-title":"Should we routinely measure low-density and high-density lipoprotein subclasses?","volume":"55","author":"Rizzo\n M,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rizzo\n M,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Berneis\n K,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Zeljkovic\n A,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Vekic\n J.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Should we routinely measure low-density and high-density lipoprotein subclasses?\n Clin Lab.\n\t\t\t\t\t2009;\n\t\t\t\t\t55(\n\t\t\t\t\t11\u201312):\n\t\t\t\t\t421\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t429."},{"key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b07","series-title":"Vasc Health Risk Manag","first-page":"75","article-title":"Prevalence of LDL atherogenic phenotype in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"7","author":"Olusi\n SO,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Olusi\n SO,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n George\n S.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Prevalence of LDL atherogenic phenotype in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.\n\t\t\t\t\tVasc Health Risk Manag.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t7:\n\t\t\t\t\t75\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t80."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b08","series-title":"Atherosclerosis","first-page":"502","article-title":"Atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype and LDL size and subclasses in drug-na\u00efve patients with early rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"207","author":"Rizzo\n M,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rizzo\n M,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Spinas\n GA,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Cesur\n M,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Ozbalkan\n Z,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Rini\n GB,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Berneis\n K.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype and LDL size and subclasses in drug-na\u00efve patients with early rheumatoid arthritis.\n\t\t\t\t\tAtherosclerosis.\n\t\t\t\t\t2009;\n\t\t\t\t\t207(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t502\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t506."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b09","series-title":"Can J Cardiol","first-page":"174","article-title":"Chronic inflammatory diseases and cardiovascular risk: a systematic review","volume":"27","author":"Roifman\n I,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Roifman\n I,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Beck\n PL,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Anderson\n TJ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Eisenberg\n MJ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Genest\n J.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Chronic inflammatory diseases and cardiovascular risk: a systematic review.\n\t\t\t\t\tCan J Cardiol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t27(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t174\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t182."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b10","series-title":"Arch Intern Med","first-page":"551","article-title":"Association between pulmonary fibrosis and coronary artery disease","volume":"164","author":"Kizer\n JR,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kizer\n JR,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Zisman\n DA,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Blumenthal\n NP,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n et al\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tAssociation between pulmonary fibrosis and coronary artery disease.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Intern Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;\n\t\t\t\t\t164(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t551\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t556."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b11","series-title":"Blood Press","first-page":"286","article-title":"Assessment of aortic elastic properties in patients with sarcoidosis","volume":"21","author":"Ardic\n I,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ardic\n I,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Yarlioglues\n M,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Dogdu\n O,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n et al\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tAssessment of aortic elastic properties in patients with sarcoidosis.\n\t\t\t\t\tBlood Press.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t21(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t286\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t292."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b12","series-title":"Clin Biochem","first-page":"677","article-title":"Dyslipidemia and oxidative stress in sarcoidosis patients","volume":"45","author":"Ivani\u0161evi\u0107\n J,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ivani\u0161evi\u0107\n J,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Kotur-Stevuljevi\u0107\n J,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Stefanovi\u0107\n 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Acta","first-page":"59","article-title":"Corticosteroid therapy increases HDL-cholesterol concentrations in patients with active sarcoidosis and hypoalphalipoproteinemia","volume":"320","author":"Salazar\n A,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Salazar\n A,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Ma\u00f1\u00e1\n J,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Pint\u00f3\n X,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Argim\u00f3n\n JM,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Hurtado\n I,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Pujol\n R.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Corticosteroid therapy increases HDL-cholesterol concentrations in patients with active sarcoidosis and hypoalphalipoproteinemia.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin Chim Acta.\n\t\t\t\t\t2002;\n\t\t\t\t\t320(\n\t\t\t\t\t1\u20132):\n\t\t\t\t\t59\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t64."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b15","series-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am","first-page":"409","article-title":"Glucocorticoids and cardiovascular risk factors","volume":"40","author":"Strohmayer\n EA,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Strohmayer\n EA,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Krakoff\n 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guidelines","volume":"110","author":"Grundy\n SM,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Grundy\n SM,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Cleeman\n JI,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Merz\n CN,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n et al\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tImplications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines.\n\t\t\t\t\tCirculation.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;\n\t\t\t\t\t110(\n\t\t\t\t\t6):\n\t\t\t\t\t227\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t239."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-137-12-1780-b18","series-title":"J Lipid Res","first-page":"773","article-title":"Improved method for making nondenaturing composite gradient gels for the electrophoretic separation of lipoproteins","volume":"45","author":"Rainwater\n DL,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rainwater\n DL,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Moore\n PH,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Gamboa\n IO.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \n Improved method for making nondenaturing composite gradient gels for the electrophoretic separation of lipoproteins.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Lipid 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