{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T09:01:54Z","timestamp":1770800514583,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Context<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\u2014Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)\u2013related disease is a recently described entity that presents as mass-forming lesions in soft tissue, exocrine glands, and in lymph nodes as IgG4-related lymphadenopathy. The underlying pathologic mechanism of IgG4-related disease is unclear; however, rituximab (an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody) has been shown to have clinical efficacy.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\u2014To look for the presence or absence of CD20 on the IgG4-expressing plasma cells in IgG4-related lymphadenopathy.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Design<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\u2014Twelve flow cytometry cases were identified through a retrospective review from the authors' institutions files. Cases were selected by the presence of a lymph node biopsy specimen with increased IgG4 plasma cells by immunohistochemistry and a histologic diagnosis compatible with IgG4-related lymphadenopathy.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\u2014We report dim CD20 expression on plasma cells in all cases for which a plasma cell population was clearly identified by flow cytometry. These cases were from patients with lymph node biopsy specimens that met published criteria for IgG4-related lymphadenopathy.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\u2014This finding may be one potential explanation for the clinical efficacy of rituximab in IgG4-related disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2012-0466-oa","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,30]],"date-time":"2013-08-30T16:18:18Z","timestamp":1377879498000},"page":"1282-1285","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Abnormal Expression of CD20 on IgG4 Plasma Cells Associated With IgG4-Related Lymphadenopathy"],"prefix":"10.5858","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Kate E.","family":"Grimm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology, Clarient\/GE Healthcare, Aliso Viejo, California (Drs Grimm, Bakke, and O'Malley); University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles (Dr Grimm); and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center\/University of Texas, Houston (Dr O'Malley)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antony","family":"Bakke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology, Clarient\/GE Healthcare, Aliso Viejo, California (Drs Grimm, Bakke, and O'Malley); University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles (Dr Grimm); and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center\/University of Texas, Houston (Dr O'Malley)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dennis P.","family":"O'Malley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology, Clarient\/GE Healthcare, Aliso Viejo, California (Drs Grimm, Bakke, and O'Malley); University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles (Dr Grimm); and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center\/University of Texas, Houston (Dr O'Malley)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3906","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"i1543-2165-137-9-1282-b01","series-title":"Mod Pathol","first-page":"1181","article-title":"Consensus statement on the pathology of IgG4-related disease","volume":"25","author":"Deshpande\n              V,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Deshpande\n              V, \n            \n              Zen\n              Y, \n            \n              Chan\n              JK, \n            et al\n          . Consensus statement on the pathology of IgG4-related disease. Mod Pathol. 2012;25(9):1181\u20131192."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1543-2165-137-9-1282-b02","series-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol","first-page":"1010","article-title":"Diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis: the Mayo Clinic experience","volume":"4","author":"Chari\n              ST,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chari\n              ST, \n            \n              Smyrk\n              TC, \n            \n              Levy\n              MJ, \n            et al\n          . Diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis: the Mayo Clinic experience. 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Adv Anat Pathol. 2010;17(5):303\u2013332."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-137-9-1282-b05","series-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)","first-page":"57","article-title":"Rituximab for the treatment of IgG4-related disease: lessons from 10 consecutive patients","volume":"91","author":"Khosroshahi\n              A,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Khosroshahi\n              A, \n            \n              Carruthers\n              MN, \n            \n              Deshpande\n              V, \n            \n              Unizony\n              S, \n            \n              Bloch\n              DB, \n            \n              Stone\n              JH. \n          \n          Rituximab for the treatment of IgG4-related disease: lessons from 10 consecutive patients. Medicine (Baltimore). 2012;91(1):57\u201366."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1543-2165-137-9-1282-b06","series-title":"Arthritis Rheum","first-page":"1755","article-title":"Rituximab therapy leads to rapid decline of serum IgG4 levels and prompt clinical improvement in IgG4-related systemic disease","volume":"62","author":"Khosroshahi\n              A,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Khosroshahi\n              A, \n            \n              Bloch\n              DB, \n            \n              Deshpande\n              V, \n            \n              Stone\n              JH. \n          \n          Rituximab therapy leads to rapid decline of serum IgG4 levels and prompt clinical improvement in IgG4-related systemic disease. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62(6):1755\u20131762."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1543-2165-137-9-1282-b07","series-title":"Med J Aust","first-page":"418","article-title":"Catching a chameleon: IgG4-related systemic disease","volume":"193","author":"Lim\n              EJ,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lim\n              EJ, \n            \n              Bhathal\n              PS, \n            \n              Tagkalidis\n              PP, \n            \n              Speer\n              AG. \n          \n          Catching a chameleon: IgG4-related systemic disease. Med J Aust. 2010;193(7):418\u2013420."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-137-9-1282-b08","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"671","article-title":"Lymphadenopathy of IgG4-related sclerosing disease","volume":"32","author":"Cheuk\n              W,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cheuk\n              W, \n            \n              Yuen\n              HK, \n            \n              Chu\n              SYY, \n            \n              Chiu\n              EKW, \n            \n              Lam\n              LK, \n            \n              Chan\n              JKC. \n          \n          Lymphadenopathy of IgG4-related sclerosing disease. Am J Surg Pathol. 2008;32(5):671\u2013681."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1543-2165-137-9-1282-b09","series-title":"Drugs","first-page":"803","article-title":"Rituximab: a review of its use in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia","volume":"63","author":"Plosker\n              GL,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Plosker\n              GL, \n            \n              Figgitt\n              DP. \n          \n          Rituximab: a review of its use in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. 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Blood. 2003;102(3):1070\u20131071."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-137-9-1282-b11","series-title":"Mod Pathol","first-page":"480","article-title":"Histopathological findings in 29 lymph node biopsies with increased IgG4 plasma cells","volume":"25","author":"Grimm\n              KE,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Grimm\n              KE, \n            \n              Barry\n              TS, \n            \n              Chizhevsky\n              V, \n            et al\n          . Histopathological findings in 29 lymph node biopsies with increased IgG4 plasma cells. 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Cytometry B Clin Cytom. 2010;78(4):231\u2013238."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-137-9-1282-b13","series-title":"Br J Haematol","first-page":"530","article-title":"Diverse niches within multiple myeloma bone marrow aspirates affect plasma cell enumeration","volume":"133","author":"Nadav\n              L,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nadav\n              L, \n            \n              Katz\n              BZ, \n            \n              Baron\n              S, \n            et al\n          . Diverse niches within multiple myeloma bone marrow aspirates affect plasma cell enumeration. Br J Haematol. 2006;133(5):530\u2013532."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-137-9-1282-b14","series-title":"Cytometry","first-page":"196","article-title":"CD20 (pan-B cell) antigen is expressed at a low level on a subpopulation of human T lymphocytes","volume":"14","author":"Hultin\n              LE,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hultin\n              LE, \n            \n              Hausner\n              MA, \n            \n              Hultin\n              PM, \n            \n              Giorgi\n              JV. \n          \n          CD20 (pan-B cell) antigen is expressed at a low level on a subpopulation of human T lymphocytes. Cytometry. 1993;14(2):196\u2013204."},{"issue":"25","key":"i1543-2165-137-9-1282-b15","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"2572","article-title":"Efficacy of B-cell-targeted therapy with rituximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"350","author":"Edwards\n              JC,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Edwards\n              JC, \n            \n              Szczepanski\n              L, \n            \n              Szechinski\n              J, \n            et al\n          . Efficacy of B-cell-targeted therapy with rituximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2004;350(25):2572\u20132581."},{"issue":"1038","key":"i1543-2165-137-9-1282-b16","series-title":"Postgrad Med J","first-page":"226","article-title":"B cell explanation for autoimmune disease: the forbidden clone returns","volume":"88","author":"McQueen\n              FA.","year":"2012","unstructured":"McQueen\n              FA. \n          \n          B cell explanation for autoimmune disease: the forbidden clone returns. Postgrad Med J. 2012;88(1038):226\u2013233."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1543-2165-137-9-1282-b01","series-title":"Mod Pathol","first-page":"1181","article-title":"Consensus statement on the pathology of IgG4-related disease","volume":"25","author":"Deshpande\n              V,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Deshpande\n              V, \n            \n              Zen\n              Y, \n            \n              Chan\n              JK, \n            et al\n          . Consensus statement on the pathology of IgG4-related disease. Mod Pathol. 2012;25(9):1181\u20131192."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1543-2165-137-9-1282-b02","series-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol","first-page":"1010","article-title":"Diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis: the Mayo Clinic experience","volume":"4","author":"Chari\n              ST,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chari\n              ST, \n            \n              Smyrk\n              TC, \n            \n              Levy\n              MJ, \n            et al\n          . Diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis: the Mayo Clinic experience. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;4(8):1010\u20131016."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1543-2165-137-9-1282-b03","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"539","article-title":"IgG4-related disease","volume":"366","author":"Stone\n              JH,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stone\n              JH, \n            \n              Zen\n              Y, \n            \n              Deshpande\n              V. \n          \n          IgG4-related disease. 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Adv Anat Pathol. 2010;17(5):303\u2013332."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-137-9-1282-b05","series-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)","first-page":"57","article-title":"Rituximab for the treatment of IgG4-related disease: lessons from 10 consecutive patients","volume":"91","author":"Khosroshahi\n              A,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Khosroshahi\n              A, \n            \n              Carruthers\n              MN, \n            \n              Deshpande\n              V, \n            \n              Unizony\n              S, \n            \n              Bloch\n              DB, \n            \n              Stone\n              JH. \n          \n          Rituximab for the treatment of IgG4-related disease: lessons from 10 consecutive patients. Medicine (Baltimore). 2012;91(1):57\u201366."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1543-2165-137-9-1282-b06","series-title":"Arthritis Rheum","first-page":"1755","article-title":"Rituximab therapy leads to rapid decline of serum IgG4 levels and prompt clinical improvement in IgG4-related systemic disease","volume":"62","author":"Khosroshahi\n              A,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Khosroshahi\n              A, \n            \n              Bloch\n              DB, \n            \n              Deshpande\n              V, \n            \n              Stone\n              JH. \n          \n          Rituximab therapy leads to rapid decline of serum IgG4 levels and prompt clinical improvement in IgG4-related systemic disease. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62(6):1755\u20131762."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1543-2165-137-9-1282-b07","series-title":"Med J Aust","first-page":"418","article-title":"Catching a chameleon: IgG4-related systemic disease","volume":"193","author":"Lim\n              EJ,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lim\n              EJ, \n            \n              Bhathal\n              PS, \n            \n              Tagkalidis\n              PP, \n            \n              Speer\n              AG. \n          \n          Catching a chameleon: IgG4-related systemic disease. Med J Aust. 2010;193(7):418\u2013420."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-137-9-1282-b08","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"671","article-title":"Lymphadenopathy of IgG4-related sclerosing disease","volume":"32","author":"Cheuk\n              W,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cheuk\n              W, \n            \n              Yuen\n              HK, \n            \n              Chu\n              SYY, \n            \n              Chiu\n              EKW, \n            \n              Lam\n              LK, \n            \n              Chan\n              JKC. \n          \n          Lymphadenopathy of IgG4-related sclerosing disease. Am J Surg Pathol. 2008;32(5):671\u2013681."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1543-2165-137-9-1282-b09","series-title":"Drugs","first-page":"803","article-title":"Rituximab: a review of its use in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia","volume":"63","author":"Plosker\n              GL,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Plosker\n              GL, \n            \n              Figgitt\n              DP. \n          \n          Rituximab: a review of its use in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. 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Blood. 2003;102(3):1070\u20131071."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-137-9-1282-b11","series-title":"Mod Pathol","first-page":"480","article-title":"Histopathological findings in 29 lymph node biopsies with increased IgG4 plasma cells","volume":"25","author":"Grimm\n              KE,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Grimm\n              KE, \n            \n              Barry\n              TS, \n            \n              Chizhevsky\n              V, \n            et al\n          . Histopathological findings in 29 lymph node biopsies with increased IgG4 plasma cells. Mod Pathol. 2012;25(3):480\u2013491."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-137-9-1282-b12","series-title":"Cytometry B Clin Cytom","first-page":"231","article-title":"Multiparameter immunophenotyping by flow cytometry in multiple myeloma: the diagnostic utility of defining ranges of normal antigenic expression in comparison to histology","volume":"78","author":"Cannizzo\n              E,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cannizzo\n              E, \n            \n              Bellio\n              E, \n            \n              Sohani\n              AR, \n            et al\n          . Multiparameter immunophenotyping by flow cytometry in multiple myeloma: the diagnostic utility of defining ranges of normal antigenic expression in comparison to histology. Cytometry B Clin Cytom. 2010;78(4):231\u2013238."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-137-9-1282-b13","series-title":"Br J Haematol","first-page":"530","article-title":"Diverse niches within multiple myeloma bone marrow aspirates affect plasma cell enumeration","volume":"133","author":"Nadav\n              L,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nadav\n              L, \n            \n              Katz\n              BZ, \n            \n              Baron\n              S, \n            et al\n          . Diverse niches within multiple myeloma bone marrow aspirates affect plasma cell enumeration. Br J Haematol. 2006;133(5):530\u2013532."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-137-9-1282-b14","series-title":"Cytometry","first-page":"196","article-title":"CD20 (pan-B cell) antigen is expressed at a low level on a subpopulation of human T lymphocytes","volume":"14","author":"Hultin\n              LE,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hultin\n              LE, \n            \n              Hausner\n              MA, \n            \n              Hultin\n              PM, \n            \n              Giorgi\n              JV. \n          \n          CD20 (pan-B cell) antigen is expressed at a low level on a subpopulation of human T lymphocytes. Cytometry. 1993;14(2):196\u2013204."},{"issue":"25","key":"i1543-2165-137-9-1282-b15","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"2572","article-title":"Efficacy of B-cell-targeted therapy with rituximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"350","author":"Edwards\n              JC,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Edwards\n              JC, \n            \n              Szczepanski\n              L, \n            \n              Szechinski\n              J, \n            et al\n          . Efficacy of B-cell-targeted therapy with rituximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. 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