{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T05:16:16Z","timestamp":1770786976609,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"\n Context.<\/jats:italic>\n \u2014The use of p16 in cervical biopsies improves the accuracy of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) diagnosis and grading and decreases its interpathologist variability.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Objective.<\/jats:italic>\n \u2014To determine the impact of the frequency of use of p16 immunostains in cervical biopsies on pathologists' diagnoses of CIN grade 1 and grade 2 or above (CIN1 and CIN2+) and on cytohistologic correlations.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Design.<\/jats:italic>\n \u2014We identified all cervical biopsy specimens with cytologic correlations subjected or not to p16 staining from January 1, 2005, to September 30, 2010; calculated each pathologist's percentage of p16 use; and correlated it with their major cytohistologic discrepancy rates, CIN2+ diagnoses, and CIN1\/CIN2+ ratios.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Results.<\/jats:italic>\n \u2014During the study period, each of the 23 pathologists interpreted 59 to 1811 (mean, 518) of 11\u2009850 cervical biopsy specimens, used p16 for 0% to 21.31% (mean, 10.14%) of these, had CIN2+ detection rates of 9.5% to 24.1% (mean, 18.9%), and CIN1\/CIN2+ ratios of 0.7 to 4.5 (mean, 1.5). Compared to the 12 \u201clow users\u201d of p16, who used p16 fewer times than the institution's mean for p16 use, the 11 \u201chigh users\u201d of p16 diagnosed more biopsies (8391 versus 3459), had a lower rate of major cytohistologic discrepancies (12.62% versus 14.92%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001), a higher rate of CIN2+ diagnoses (19.9% versus 16.4%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001), a lower range of CIN2+ rates (15.0%\u201323.1% versus 9.5%\u201324.1%), and lower CIN1\/CIN2+ ratios (1.2 versus 2.3).\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusions.<\/jats:italic>\n \u2014We found a high intrainstitutional variability of p16 use in cervical biopsies, CIN2+ rates, and CIN1\/CIN2+ ratios. Use of p16 for greater than 10% of cervical biopsies was associated with improved cytohistologic correlation rates and with lower variability in the frequencies of histologic diagnoses.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2012-0472-oa","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,30]],"date-time":"2013-12-30T17:14:49Z","timestamp":1388423689000},"page":"76-87","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Variability of Pathologists' Utilization of p16 and Ki-67 Immunostaining in the Diagnosis of Cervical Biopsies in Routine Pathology Practice and Its Impact on the Frequencies of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Diagnoses and Cytohistologic Correlations"],"prefix":"10.5858","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"Charanjeet","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School (Drs Singh, Truskinovsky, Thyagarajan, Gulbahce, Manivel, and Pambuccian); the School of Nursing, University of Minnesota (Ms Savik); and the Cytology Laboratory, University of Minnesota Medical Center-Fairview (Mr Amirouche and Ms Holler), Minneapolis. Dr Pambuccian is now at the Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. Carlos","family":"Manivel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School (Drs Singh, Truskinovsky, Thyagarajan, Gulbahce, Manivel, and Pambuccian); the School of Nursing, University of Minnesota (Ms Savik); and the Cytology Laboratory, University of Minnesota Medical Center-Fairview (Mr Amirouche and Ms Holler), Minneapolis. Dr Pambuccian is now at the Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander M.","family":"Truskinovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School (Drs Singh, Truskinovsky, Thyagarajan, Gulbahce, Manivel, and Pambuccian); the School of Nursing, University of Minnesota (Ms Savik); and the Cytology Laboratory, University of Minnesota Medical Center-Fairview (Mr Amirouche and Ms Holler), Minneapolis. Dr Pambuccian is now at the Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kay","family":"Savik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School (Drs Singh, Truskinovsky, Thyagarajan, Gulbahce, Manivel, and Pambuccian); the School of Nursing, University of Minnesota (Ms Savik); and the Cytology Laboratory, University of Minnesota Medical Center-Fairview (Mr Amirouche and Ms Holler), Minneapolis. Dr Pambuccian is now at the Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samy","family":"Amirouche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School (Drs Singh, Truskinovsky, Thyagarajan, Gulbahce, Manivel, and Pambuccian); the School of Nursing, University of Minnesota (Ms Savik); and the Cytology Laboratory, University of Minnesota Medical Center-Fairview (Mr Amirouche and Ms Holler), Minneapolis. Dr Pambuccian is now at the Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"Holler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School (Drs Singh, Truskinovsky, Thyagarajan, Gulbahce, Manivel, and Pambuccian); the School of Nursing, University of Minnesota (Ms Savik); and the Cytology Laboratory, University of Minnesota Medical Center-Fairview (Mr Amirouche and Ms Holler), Minneapolis. Dr Pambuccian is now at the Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bharat","family":"Thyagarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School (Drs Singh, Truskinovsky, Thyagarajan, Gulbahce, Manivel, and Pambuccian); the School of Nursing, University of Minnesota (Ms Savik); and the Cytology Laboratory, University of Minnesota Medical Center-Fairview (Mr Amirouche and Ms Holler), Minneapolis. Dr Pambuccian is now at the Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H. Evin","family":"Gulbahce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School (Drs Singh, Truskinovsky, Thyagarajan, Gulbahce, Manivel, and Pambuccian); the School of Nursing, University of Minnesota (Ms Savik); and the Cytology Laboratory, University of Minnesota Medical Center-Fairview (Mr Amirouche and Ms Holler), Minneapolis. Dr Pambuccian is now at the Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan E.","family":"Pambuccian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School (Drs Singh, Truskinovsky, Thyagarajan, Gulbahce, Manivel, and Pambuccian); the School of Nursing, University of Minnesota (Ms Savik); and the Cytology Laboratory, University of Minnesota Medical Center-Fairview (Mr Amirouche and Ms Holler), Minneapolis. Dr Pambuccian is now at the Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3906","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-138-1-76-b01","series-title":"J Low Genit Tract Dis","first-page":"223","article-title":"2006 consensus guidelines for the management of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or adenocarcinoma in situ","volume":"11","author":"Wright\n TC\n Jr,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wright\n TC\n Jr, \n \n Massad\n LS, \n \n Dunton\n CJ, \n \n Spitzer\n M, \n \n Wilkinson\n EJ, \n \n Solomon\n D. \n \n 2006 consensus guidelines for the management of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or adenocarcinoma in situ. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2007;11(4):223\u2013239."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-138-1-76-b02","series-title":"Am J Clin Pathol","first-page":"805","article-title":"The relationship of community biopsy-diagnosed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 to the quality control pathology-reviewed diagnoses: an ALTS report","volume":"127","author":"Castle\n PE,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Castle\n PE, \n \n Stoler\n MH, \n \n Solomon\n D, \n \n Schiffman\n M. \n \n The relationship of community biopsy-diagnosed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 to the quality control pathology-reviewed diagnoses: an ALTS report. 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Conjunctive p16INK4a testing significantly increases accuracy in diagnosing high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Am J Clin Pathol. 2010;133(3):395\u2013406."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1543-2165-138-1-76-b09","series-title":"J Clin Pathol","first-page":"972","article-title":"p16(INK4a) immunostaining as an alternative to histology review for reliable grading of cervical intraepithelial lesions","volume":"63","author":"Dijkstra\n MG,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dijkstra\n MG, \n \n Heideman\n DA, \n \n de Roy\n SC, \n et al\n . p16(INK4a) immunostaining as an alternative to histology review for reliable grading of cervical intraepithelial lesions. J Clin Pathol. 2010;63(11):972\u2013977."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1543-2165-138-1-76-b10","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"1077","article-title":"Using biomarkers as objective standards in the diagnosis of cervical biopsies","volume":"34","author":"Galgano\n MT,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Galgano\n MT, \n \n Castle\n PE, \n \n Atkins\n KA, \n \n Brix\n WK, \n \n Nassau\n SR, \n \n Stoler\n MH. \n \n Using biomarkers as objective standards in the diagnosis of cervical biopsies. Am J Surg Pathol. 2010;34(8):1077\u20131087."},{"key":"i1543-2165-138-1-76-b11","series-title":"The Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology: Definitions, Criteria and Explanatory Notes. 2nd ed","author":"Solomon\n D,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Solomon\n D, \n \n Nayar\n R. \n \n The Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology: Definitions, Criteria and Explanatory Notes. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag;2004."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-138-1-76-b12","series-title":"Cancer Cytopathol","first-page":"157","article-title":"The role of deeper levels and ancillary studies (p16(Ink4a) and ProExC) in reducing the discordance rate of Papanicolaou findings of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and follow-up cervical biopsies","volume":"117","author":"David\n O,","year":"2009","unstructured":"David\n O, \n \n Cabay\n RJ, \n \n Pasha\n S, \n et al\n . The role of deeper levels and ancillary studies (p16(Ink4a) and ProExC) in reducing the discordance rate of Papanicolaou findings of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and follow-up cervical biopsies. Cancer Cytopathol. 2009;117(3):157\u2013166."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-138-1-76-b13","series-title":"Ann Diagn Pathol","first-page":"100","article-title":"Deceiving high-grade cervical dysplasias identified as human papillomavirus non-16 and non-18 types by Invader human papillomavirus assays","volume":"16","author":"Kitahara\n S,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kitahara\n S, \n \n Chan\n RC, \n \n Nichols\n WS, \n \n Silva\n EG. \n \n Deceiving high-grade cervical dysplasias identified as human papillomavirus non-16 and non-18 types by Invader human papillomavirus assays. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2012;16(2):100\u2013106."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-138-1-76-b14","series-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol","first-page":"90","article-title":"p16 INK4a immunostaining identifies occult CIN lesions in HPV-positive women","volume":"28","author":"Ordi\n J,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ordi\n J, \n \n Garcia\n S, \n \n del Pino\n M, \n et al\n . p16 INK4a immunostaining identifies occult CIN lesions in HPV-positive women. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 2009;28(1):90\u201397."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1543-2165-138-1-76-b15","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"1474","article-title":"Eosinophilic dysplasia of the cervix: a newly recognized variant of cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia","volume":"28","author":"Ma\n L,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ma\n L, \n \n Fisk\n JM, \n \n Zhang\n RR, \n \n Ulukus\n EC, \n \n Crum\n CP, \n \n Zheng\n W. \n \n Eosinophilic dysplasia of the cervix: a newly recognized variant of cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia. Am J Surg Pathol. 2004;28(11):1474\u20131484."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1543-2165-138-1-76-b16","series-title":"Mod Pathol","first-page":"1067","article-title":"Biomarker (ProEx C, p16(INK4A), and MiB-1) distinction of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion from its mimics","volume":"21","author":"Pinto\n AP,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pinto\n AP, \n \n Schlecht\n NF, \n \n Woo\n TY, \n \n Crum\n CP, \n \n Cibas\n ES. \n \n Biomarker (ProEx C, p16(INK4A), and MiB-1) distinction of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion from its mimics. Mod Pathol. 2008;21(9):1067\u20131074."},{"issue":"10","key":"i1543-2165-138-1-76-b17","series-title":"Diagn Histopathol","first-page":"445","article-title":"Molecular markers of early cervical neoplasia","volume":"16","author":"Pinto\n AP,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pinto\n AP, \n \n Crum\n CP, \n \n Hirsch\n MS. \n \n Molecular markers of early cervical neoplasia. Diagn Histopathol. 2010;16(10):445\u2013454."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-138-1-76-b18","series-title":"J Low Genit Tract Dis","first-page":"100","article-title":"Differentiating high-grade cervical intraepithelial lesion from atrophy in postmenopausal women using Ki-67, cyclin E, and p16 immunohistochemical analysis","volume":"9","author":"Qiao\n X,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Qiao\n X, \n \n Bhuiya\n TA, \n \n Spitzer\n M. \n \n Differentiating high-grade cervical intraepithelial lesion from atrophy in postmenopausal women using Ki-67, cyclin E, and p16 immunohistochemical analysis. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2005;9(2):100\u2013107."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1543-2165-138-1-76-b19","series-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med","first-page":"1343","article-title":"p16 and Ki-67 immunostaining in atypical immature squamous metaplasia of the uterine cervix: correlation with human papillomavirus detection","volume":"131","author":"Iaconis\n L,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Iaconis\n L, \n \n Hyjek\n E, \n \n Ellenson\n LH, \n \n Pirog\n EC. \n \n p16 and Ki-67 immunostaining in atypical immature squamous metaplasia of the uterine cervix: correlation with human papillomavirus detection. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2007;131(9):1343\u20131349."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1543-2165-138-1-76-b20","series-title":"J Clin Pathol","first-page":"1230","article-title":"Are levels on cervical specimens necessary?","volume":"61","author":"Salman\n W,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Salman\n W, \n \n Al-Dawoud\n A, \n \n Twaij\n Z, \n \n Howat\n A. \n \n Are levels on cervical specimens necessary?\n J Clin Pathol. 2008;61(11):1230."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-138-1-76-b21","series-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol","first-page":"469","article-title":"Squamous dysplasia of the uterine cervix: tissue sampling-related diagnostic considerations in 600 consecutive biopsies","volume":"26","author":"Fadare\n O,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fadare\n O, \n \n Rodriguez\n R. \n \n Squamous dysplasia of the uterine cervix: tissue sampling-related diagnostic considerations in 600 consecutive biopsies. 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Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2012;136(10):1266\u20131297."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1543-2165-138-1-76-b27","series-title":"Histopathology","first-page":"557","article-title":"Mild cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 1): a histological overdiagnosis","volume":"17","author":"Al-Nafussi\n AI,","year":"1990","unstructured":"Al-Nafussi\n AI, \n \n Colquhoun\n MK. \n \n Mild cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 1): a histological overdiagnosis. 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Am J Clin Pathol. 2000;114(5):735\u2013740."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-138-1-76-b29","series-title":"J Low Genit Tract Dis","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Variability in CIN grading among New Mexico laboratories: relevance for proposed combination of CIN2 and CIN3","volume":"16","author":"Gage\n JC,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gage\n JC, \n \n Schiffman\n M, \n \n Hunt\n C, \n \n Wentzensen\n N, \n \n Castle\n P, \n \n Wheeler\n C. \n \n Variability in CIN grading among New Mexico laboratories: relevance for proposed combination of CIN2 and CIN3. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2012;16(5):S1."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-138-1-76-b30","series-title":"Cytopathology","first-page":"172","article-title":"Large performance variation does not affect outcome in the Finnish cervical cancer screening programme","volume":"23","author":"Lonnberg\n S,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lonnberg\n S, \n \n Nieminen\n P, \n \n Kotaniemi-Talonen\n L, \n et al\n . Large performance variation does not affect outcome in the Finnish cervical cancer screening programme. Cytopathology. 2012;23(3):172\u2013180."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-138-1-76-b31","series-title":"Histopathology","first-page":"377","article-title":"Expert opinion: how should we grade CIN?","volume":"40","author":"Heatley\n MK.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Heatley\n MK. \n \n Expert opinion: how should we grade CIN?\n Histopathology. 2002;40(4):377\u2013390."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-138-1-76-b32","series-title":"Pathol Case Rev","first-page":"145","article-title":"Human papillomavirus-induced lesions of the cervix: a review and update on the grading of cervical dysplasia","volume":"8","author":"Mount\n SL,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mount\n SL, \n \n Evans\n MF, \n \n Wong\n C, \n \n Cooper\n K. \n \n Human papillomavirus-induced lesions of the cervix: a review and update on the grading of cervical dysplasia. 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Am J Med. 2008;121(5 suppl):S24\u2013S29."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-138-1-76-b44","series-title":"J Contin Educ Health Prof","first-page":"192","article-title":"The difficulty with experience: does practice increase susceptibility to premature closure?","volume":"26","author":"Eva\n KW,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Eva\n KW, \n \n Cunnington\n JP. \n \n The difficulty with experience: does practice increase susceptibility to premature closure?\n J Contin Educ Health Prof. 2006;26(3):192\u2013198."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-138-1-76-b45","series-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol","first-page":"177","article-title":"Variability of practice in anatomic pathology and its effect on patient outcomes","volume":"22","author":"Raab\n SS.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Raab\n SS. \n \n Variability of practice in anatomic pathology and its effect on patient outcomes. 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Am J Clin Pathol. 2007;127(5):805\u2013815."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-138-1-76-b03","series-title":"Am J Clin Pathol","first-page":"65","article-title":"Can HPV-16 genotyping provide a benchmark for cervical biopsy specimen interpretation?","volume":"130","author":"Galgano\n MT,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Galgano\n MT, \n \n Castle\n PE, \n \n Stoler\n MH, \n \n Solomon\n D, \n \n Schiffman\n M. \n \n Can HPV-16 genotyping provide a benchmark for cervical biopsy specimen interpretation?\n Am J Clin Pathol. 2008;130(1):65\u201370."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1543-2165-138-1-76-b04","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"884","article-title":"Ki-67, cyclin E, and p16INK4 are complimentary surrogate biomarkers for human papilloma virus-related cervical neoplasia","volume":"25","author":"Keating\n JT,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Keating\n JT, \n \n Cviko\n A, \n \n Riethdorf\n S, \n et al\n . 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Am J Surg Pathol. 2002;26(11):1389\u20131399."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-138-1-76-b07","series-title":"Int J Cancer","first-page":"351","article-title":"Impact of utilizing p16INK4A immunohistochemistry on estimated performance of three cervical cancer screening tests","volume":"120","author":"Zhang\n Q,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhang\n Q, \n \n Kuhn\n L, \n \n Denny\n LA, \n \n De Souza\n M, \n \n Taylor\n S, \n \n Wright\n TC\n Jr. \n \n Impact of utilizing p16INK4A immunohistochemistry on estimated performance of three cervical cancer screening tests. Int J Cancer. 2007;120(2):351\u2013356."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-138-1-76-b08","series-title":"Am J Clin Pathol","first-page":"395","article-title":"Conjunctive p16INK4a testing significantly increases accuracy in diagnosing high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia","volume":"133","author":"Bergeron\n C,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bergeron\n C, \n \n Ordi\n J, \n \n Schmidt\n D, \n et al\n . 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J Clin Pathol. 2010;63(11):972\u2013977."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1543-2165-138-1-76-b10","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"1077","article-title":"Using biomarkers as objective standards in the diagnosis of cervical biopsies","volume":"34","author":"Galgano\n MT,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Galgano\n MT, \n \n Castle\n PE, \n \n Atkins\n KA, \n \n Brix\n WK, \n \n Nassau\n SR, \n \n Stoler\n MH. \n \n Using biomarkers as objective standards in the diagnosis of cervical biopsies. Am J Surg Pathol. 2010;34(8):1077\u20131087."},{"key":"i1543-2165-138-1-76-b11","series-title":"The Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology: Definitions, Criteria and Explanatory Notes. 2nd ed","author":"Solomon\n D,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Solomon\n D, \n \n Nayar\n R. \n \n The Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology: Definitions, Criteria and Explanatory Notes. 2nd ed. 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Am J Surg Pathol. 2004;28(11):1474\u20131484."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1543-2165-138-1-76-b16","series-title":"Mod Pathol","first-page":"1067","article-title":"Biomarker (ProEx C, p16(INK4A), and MiB-1) distinction of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion from its mimics","volume":"21","author":"Pinto\n AP,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pinto\n AP, \n \n Schlecht\n NF, \n \n Woo\n TY, \n \n Crum\n CP, \n \n Cibas\n ES. \n \n Biomarker (ProEx C, p16(INK4A), and MiB-1) distinction of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion from its mimics. Mod Pathol. 2008;21(9):1067\u20131074."},{"issue":"10","key":"i1543-2165-138-1-76-b17","series-title":"Diagn Histopathol","first-page":"445","article-title":"Molecular markers of early cervical neoplasia","volume":"16","author":"Pinto\n AP,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pinto\n AP, \n \n Crum\n CP, \n \n Hirsch\n MS. \n \n Molecular markers of early cervical neoplasia. 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Large performance variation does not affect outcome in the Finnish cervical cancer screening programme. Cytopathology. 2012;23(3):172\u2013180."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-138-1-76-b31","series-title":"Histopathology","first-page":"377","article-title":"Expert opinion: how should we grade CIN?","volume":"40","author":"Heatley\n MK.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Heatley\n MK. \n \n Expert opinion: how should we grade CIN?\n Histopathology. 2002;40(4):377\u2013390."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-138-1-76-b32","series-title":"Pathol Case Rev","first-page":"145","article-title":"Human papillomavirus-induced lesions of the cervix: a review and update on the grading of cervical dysplasia","volume":"8","author":"Mount\n SL,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mount\n SL, \n \n Evans\n MF, \n \n Wong\n C, \n \n Cooper\n K. \n \n Human papillomavirus-induced lesions of the cervix: a review and update on the grading of cervical dysplasia. 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