{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T05:00:18Z","timestamp":1770786018146,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Transient abnormal myelopoiesis occurs exclusively in patients with Down syndrome (constitutional trisomy 21), manifests in the neonatal period, and is characterized by circulating megakaryoblasts with varied degrees of multisystem organ involvement. In most cases, this process resolves spontaneously by 3 to 6 months of age, but for some, the disease can be fatal. Affected patients are particularly prone to develop acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in early childhood. Somatic\n                    <jats:italic>GATA1<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutations are believed to be pivotal in the development of transient abnormal myelopoiesis and have proven to be a marker of clonal identity in its evolution to megakaryoblastic leukemia. We describe a study case of transient abnormal myelopoiesis and review the clinical manifestations, laboratory features, natural history, molecular genetics, and postulated disease pathogenesis of this disorder.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2014-0304-cc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,30]],"date-time":"2014-09-30T18:30:55Z","timestamp":1412101855000},"page":"1302-1306","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Transient Abnormal Myelopoiesis in Neonates: GATA Get the Diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.5858","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"Melissa","family":"Bombery","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo-Anne","family":"Vergilio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3906","reference":[{"issue":"51\u201352","key":"i1543-2165-138-10-1302-b01","series-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep","first-page":"1301","article-title":"Improved national prevalence estimates for 18 selected major birth defects\u2013United States, 1999\u20132001","volume":"54","year":"2006","unstructured":"Improved national prevalence estimates for 18 selected major birth defects\u2013United States, 1999\u20132001. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2006;54(51\u201352):1301\u20131305."},{"issue":"9199","key":"i1543-2165-138-10-1302-b02","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"165","article-title":"Risks of leukaemia and solid tumors in individuals with Down's syndrome","volume":"355","author":"Hasle\n              J,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hasle\n              J, \n            \n              Clemmensen\n              IH, \n            \n              Mikkelsen\n              M. \n          \n          Risks of leukaemia and solid tumors in individuals with Down's syndrome. Lancet. 2000;355(9199):165\u2013169."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-138-10-1302-b03","series-title":"Pediatr Hematol Oncol","first-page":"139","article-title":"Leukemia in Down syndrome: a review","volume":"9","author":"Zipursky\n              A,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Zipursky\n              A, \n            \n              Poon\n              A, \n            \n              Doyle\n              J. \n          \n          Leukemia in Down syndrome: a review. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1992;9(2):139\u2013149."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1543-2165-138-10-1302-b04","series-title":"Int J Cancer","first-page":"1769","article-title":"Cancer incidence of persons with Down syndrome in Finland: a population-based study","volume":"118","author":"Patja\n              L,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Patja\n              L, \n            \n              Pukkala\n              E, \n            \n              Sund\n              R, \n            et al\n          . Cancer incidence of persons with Down syndrome in Finland: a population-based study. Int J Cancer. 2006;118(7):1769\u20131772."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-138-10-1302-b05","series-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer","first-page":"29","article-title":"Transient leukemia in newborns with Down syndrome","volume":"44","author":"Massey\n              GV.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Massey\n              GV. \n          \n          Transient leukemia in newborns with Down syndrome. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2005;44(1):29\u201332."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1543-2165-138-10-1302-b06","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"4606","article-title":"A prospective study of the natural history of transient leukemia (TL) in neonates with Down syndrome (DS): Children's Oncology Group (COG) study POG-9481","volume":"107","author":"Massey\n              GV,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Massey\n              GV, \n            \n              Zipursky\n              A, \n            \n              Chang\n              MN, \n            et al\n          . A prospective study of the natural history of transient leukemia (TL) in neonates with Down syndrome (DS): Children's Oncology Group (COG) study POG-9481. Blood. 2006;107(12):4606\u20134613."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1543-2165-138-10-1302-b07","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"2991","article-title":"Treatment and prognostic impact of transient leukemia in neonates with Down syndrome","volume":"111","author":"Klusmann\n              J-H,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Klusmann\n              J-H, \n            \n              Creutzig\n              U, \n            \n              Zimmermann\n              M, \n            et al\n          . Treatment and prognostic impact of transient leukemia in neonates with Down syndrome. Blood. 2008;111(6):2991\u20132998."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-138-10-1302-b08","series-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med","first-page":"196","article-title":"Biology and management of transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) in children with Down syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Roy\n              A,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Roy\n              A, \n            \n              Roberts\n              I, \n            \n              Vyas\n              P. \n          \n          Biology and management of transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) in children with Down syndrome. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012;17(4):196\u2013201."},{"issue":"24","key":"i1543-2165-138-10-1302-b09","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"3908","article-title":"GATA1-mutant clones are frequent and often unsuspected in babies with Down syndrome: identification of a population at risk of leukemia","volume":"122","author":"Roberts\n              I,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Roberts\n              I, \n            \n              Alford\n              K, \n            \n              Hall\n              G, \n            et al\n          . GATA1-mutant clones are frequent and often unsuspected in babies with Down syndrome: identification of a population at risk of leukemia. Blood. 2013;122(24):3908\u20133917."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-138-10-1302-b10","series-title":"Klin P\u00e4diatr","first-page":"126","article-title":"Immunophenotype of Down syndrome acute myeloid leukemia and transient myeloproliferative disease differs significantly from other diseases with morphologically identical or similar blasts","volume":"217","author":"Langerbrake\n              C,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Langerbrake\n              C, \n            \n              Creutzig\n              U, \n            \n              Reinhardt\n              D. \n          \n          Immunophenotype of Down syndrome acute myeloid leukemia and transient myeloproliferative disease differs significantly from other diseases with morphologically identical or similar blasts. Klin P\u00e4diatr. 2005;217(3):126\u2013134."},{"issue":"26","key":"i1543-2165-138-10-1302-b11","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"6752","article-title":"Natural history of transient myeloproliferative disorder clinically diagnosed in Down syndrome neonates: a report from the Children's Oncology Group Study A2971","volume":"118","author":"Gamis\n              AS,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gamis\n              AS, \n            \n              Alonzo\n              TA, \n            \n              Gerbing\n              RB, \n            et al\n          . Natural history of transient myeloproliferative disorder clinically diagnosed in Down syndrome neonates: a report from the Children's Oncology Group Study A2971. Blood. 2011;118(26):6752\u20136759."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-138-10-1302-b12","series-title":"Br J Haematol","first-page":"610","article-title":"Risk factors for early death in neonates with Down syndrome and transient leukemia","volume":"142","author":"Muramatsu\n              H,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Muramatsu\n              H, \n            \n              Kato\n              K, \n            \n              Watanabe\n              N, \n            et al\n          . Risk factors for early death in neonates with Down syndrome and transient leukemia. Br J Haematol. 2008;142(4):610\u2013615."},{"key":"i1543-2165-138-10-1302-b13","series-title":"World Health Organization Classification of Tumours; vol 2","article-title":"WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues","author":"Swerdlow\n              SH,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Swerdlow\n              SH, \n            \n              Campo\n              E, \n            \n              Harris\n              NL, \n            et al\n          . WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. Lyon, France: IARC Press;2008. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours; vol 2."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-138-10-1302-b14","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"608","article-title":"Distinctive demography, biology, and outcome of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome in children with Down syndrome: Children's Cancer Group Studies 2861 and 2891","volume":"91","author":"Lange\n              BJ,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lange\n              BJ, \n            \n              Kobrinsky\n              N, \n            \n              Barnard\n              DR, \n            et al\n          . Distinctive demography, biology, and outcome of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome in children with Down syndrome: Children's Cancer Group Studies 2861 and 2891. Blood. 1998;91(2):608\u2013615."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-138-10-1302-b15","series-title":"Leuk Res","first-page":"163","article-title":"Myelodysplasia and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in Down's syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Zipursky\n              A,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Zipursky\n              A, \n            \n              Thorner\n              P, \n            \n              De Harven\n              E, \n            et al\n          . Myelodysplasia and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in Down's syndrome. Leuk Res. 1994;18(3):163\u2013171."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-138-10-1302-b16","series-title":"Nat Rev Cancer","first-page":"11","article-title":"Zipursky. Origins of leukaemia in children with Down syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Hitzler\n              JK,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hitzler\n              JK, \n          \n          Zipursky. Origins of leukaemia in children with Down syndrome. Nat Rev Cancer. 2005;5(1):11\u201320."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-138-10-1302-b17","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"1570","article-title":"Differential gene expression, GATA1 target genes, and the chemotherapy sensitivity of Down syndrome megakaryocytic leukemia","volume":"107","author":"Ge\n              Y,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ge\n              Y, \n            \n              Dombkowski\n              AA, \n            \n              LaFiura\n              KM, \n            et al\n          . Differential gene expression, GATA1 target genes, and the chemotherapy sensitivity of Down syndrome megakaryocytic leukemia. Blood. 2006;107(4):1570\u20131581."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-138-10-1302-b18","series-title":"Nat Genet","first-page":"148","article-title":"Acquired mutations in GATA1 in the megakaryoblastic leukemia of Down syndrome","volume":"32","author":"Wechsler\n              J,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wechsler\n              J, \n            \n              Greene\n              M, \n            \n              McDevitt\n              MA, \n            et al\n          . Acquired mutations in GATA1 in the megakaryoblastic leukemia of Down syndrome. Nat Genet. 2002;32(1):148\u2013152."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-138-10-1302-b19","series-title":"Blood Cells Mol Dis","first-page":"351","article-title":"Mutations in GATA1 in both transient myeloproliferative disorder and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia of Down syndrome","volume":"31","author":"Greene\n              ME,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Greene\n              ME, \n            \n              Mundschau\n              G, \n            \n              Wechsler\n              J, \n            et al\n          . Mutations in GATA1 in both transient myeloproliferative disorder and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia of Down syndrome. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 2003;31(3):351\u2013356."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-138-10-1302-b20","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"981","article-title":"Mutations in exon 2 of GATA1 are early events in megakaryocytic malignancies associated with trisomy 21","volume":"102","author":"Rainis\n              L,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rainis\n              L, \n            \n              Bercovich\n              D, \n            \n              Strehl\n              S, \n            et al\n          . Mutations in exon 2 of GATA1 are early events in megakaryocytic malignancies associated with trisomy 21. Blood. 2003;102(3):981\u2013986."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1543-2165-138-10-1302-b21","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"4301","article-title":"GATA1 mutations in transient leukemia and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia of Down syndrome","volume":"101","author":"Hitzler\n              JK,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hitzler\n              JK, \n            \n              Cheung\n              J, \n            \n              Li\n              Y, \n            et al\n          . GATA1 mutations in transient leukemia and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia of Down syndrome. Blood. 2003;101(11):4301\u20134304."},{"issue":"21","key":"i1543-2165-138-10-1302-b22","series-title":"Oncogene","first-page":"3368","article-title":"Transcriptional regulation of erythropoiesis: an affair involving multiple partners","volume":"21","author":"Cantor\n              AB,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cantor\n              AB, \n            \n              Orkin\n              SH. \n          \n          Transcriptional regulation of erythropoiesis: an affair involving multiple partners. Oncogene. 2002;21(21):3368\u20133376."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1543-2165-138-10-1302-b23","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"1521","article-title":"Unusual diffuse liver fibrosis accompanying transient myeloproliferative disorder in Down's syndrome: a report of four autopsy cases and proposal of a hypothesis","volume":"80","author":"Miyauchi\n              J,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Miyauchi\n              J, \n            \n              Ito\n              Y, \n            \n              Kawano\n              T, \n            et al\n          . Unusual diffuse liver fibrosis accompanying transient myeloproliferative disorder in Down's syndrome: a report of four autopsy cases and proposal of a hypothesis. Blood. 1992;80(6):1521\u20131527."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-138-10-1302-b24","series-title":"J Pediatr Hematol Oncol","first-page":"2","article-title":"Transient myeloproliferative disorder, a disorder with too few data and many unanswered questions: does it contain an important piece of the puzzle to understanding hematopoiesis and acute myelogenous leukemia?","volume":"24","author":"Gamis\n              AS,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gamis\n              AS, \n            \n              Hilden\n              JM. \n          \n          Transient myeloproliferative disorder, a disorder with too few data and many unanswered questions: does it contain an important piece of the puzzle to understanding hematopoiesis and acute myelogenous leukemia?\n          J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2002;24(1):2\u20135."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-138-10-1302-b25","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"15","article-title":"Cytogenetic findings and clinical features in acute leukemia and transient myeloproliferative disorder in Down's syndrome","volume":"72","author":"Hayashi\n              Y,","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hayashi\n              Y, \n            \n              Eguchi\n              M, \n            \n              Sugita\n              K, \n            et al\n          . 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Blood. 2008;112(12):4507\u20134511."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1543-2165-138-10-1302-b27","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"2480","article-title":"Natural history of GATA1 mutations in Down syndrome","volume":"103","author":"Ahmed\n              M,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ahmed\n              M, \n            \n              Sternberg\n              A, \n            \n              Hall\n              G, \n            et al\n          . Natural history of GATA1 mutations in Down syndrome. Blood. 2004;103(7):2480\u20132489."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1543-2165-138-10-1302-b28","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"2128","article-title":"Incidence and clinical implications of GATA1 mutations in newborns with Down syndrome","volume":"110","author":"Pine\n              SR,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pine\n              SR, \n            \n              Guo\n              Q, \n            \n              Yin\n              C, \n            et al\n          . Incidence and clinical implications of GATA1 mutations in newborns with Down syndrome. Blood. 2007;110(6):2128\u20132131."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-138-10-1302-b29","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"366","article-title":"Fetal origin of the GATA1 mutation in identical twins with transient myeloproliferative disorder and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia accompanying Down syndrome","volume":"103","author":"Shimada\n              A,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shimada\n              A, \n            \n              Xu\n              G, \n            \n              Toki\n              T, \n            et al\n          . Fetal origin of the GATA1 mutation in identical twins with transient myeloproliferative disorder and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia accompanying Down syndrome. Blood. 2004;103(1):366."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-138-10-1302-b30","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"1588","article-title":"Prenatal origin of GATA1 mutations may be an initiating step in the development of megakaryocytic leukemia in Down syndrome","volume":"104","author":"Taub\n              JW,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Taub\n              JW, \n            \n              Mundschau\n              G, \n            \n              Ge\n              Y, \n            et al\n          . Prenatal origin of GATA1 mutations may be an initiating step in the development of megakaryocytic leukemia in Down syndrome. Blood. 2004;104(5):1588\u20131589."},{"issue":"51\u201352","key":"i1543-2165-138-10-1302-b01","series-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep","first-page":"1301","article-title":"Improved national prevalence estimates for 18 selected major birth defects\u2013United States, 1999\u20132001","volume":"54","year":"2006","unstructured":"Improved national prevalence estimates for 18 selected major birth defects\u2013United States, 1999\u20132001. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2006;54(51\u201352):1301\u20131305."},{"issue":"9199","key":"i1543-2165-138-10-1302-b02","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"165","article-title":"Risks of leukaemia and solid tumors in individuals with Down's syndrome","volume":"355","author":"Hasle\n              J,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hasle\n              J, \n            \n              Clemmensen\n              IH, \n            \n              Mikkelsen\n              M. \n          \n          Risks of leukaemia and solid tumors in individuals with Down's syndrome. Lancet. 2000;355(9199):165\u2013169."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-138-10-1302-b03","series-title":"Pediatr Hematol Oncol","first-page":"139","article-title":"Leukemia in Down syndrome: a review","volume":"9","author":"Zipursky\n              A,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Zipursky\n              A, \n            \n              Poon\n              A, \n            \n              Doyle\n              J. \n          \n          Leukemia in Down syndrome: a review. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1992;9(2):139\u2013149."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1543-2165-138-10-1302-b04","series-title":"Int J Cancer","first-page":"1769","article-title":"Cancer incidence of persons with Down syndrome in Finland: a population-based study","volume":"118","author":"Patja\n              L,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Patja\n              L, \n            \n              Pukkala\n              E, \n            \n              Sund\n              R, \n            et al\n          . Cancer incidence of persons with Down syndrome in Finland: a population-based study. Int J Cancer. 2006;118(7):1769\u20131772."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-138-10-1302-b05","series-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer","first-page":"29","article-title":"Transient leukemia in newborns with Down syndrome","volume":"44","author":"Massey\n              GV.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Massey\n              GV. \n          \n          Transient leukemia in newborns with Down syndrome. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2005;44(1):29\u201332."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1543-2165-138-10-1302-b06","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"4606","article-title":"A prospective study of the natural history of transient leukemia (TL) in neonates with Down syndrome (DS): Children's Oncology Group (COG) study POG-9481","volume":"107","author":"Massey\n              GV,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Massey\n              GV, \n            \n              Zipursky\n              A, \n            \n              Chang\n              MN, \n            et al\n          . A prospective study of the natural history of transient leukemia (TL) in neonates with Down syndrome (DS): Children's Oncology Group (COG) study POG-9481. Blood. 2006;107(12):4606\u20134613."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1543-2165-138-10-1302-b07","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"2991","article-title":"Treatment and prognostic impact of transient leukemia in neonates with Down syndrome","volume":"111","author":"Klusmann\n              J-H,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Klusmann\n              J-H, \n            \n              Creutzig\n              U, \n            \n              Zimmermann\n              M, \n            et al\n          . Treatment and prognostic impact of transient leukemia in neonates with Down syndrome. Blood. 2008;111(6):2991\u20132998."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-138-10-1302-b08","series-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med","first-page":"196","article-title":"Biology and management of transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) in children with Down syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Roy\n              A,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Roy\n              A, \n            \n              Roberts\n              I, \n            \n              Vyas\n              P. \n          \n          Biology and management of transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) in children with Down syndrome. 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Blood. 2013;122(24):3908\u20133917."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-138-10-1302-b10","series-title":"Klin P\u00e4diatr","first-page":"126","article-title":"Immunophenotype of Down syndrome acute myeloid leukemia and transient myeloproliferative disease differs significantly from other diseases with morphologically identical or similar blasts","volume":"217","author":"Langerbrake\n              C,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Langerbrake\n              C, \n            \n              Creutzig\n              U, \n            \n              Reinhardt\n              D. \n          \n          Immunophenotype of Down syndrome acute myeloid leukemia and transient myeloproliferative disease differs significantly from other diseases with morphologically identical or similar blasts. Klin P\u00e4diatr. 2005;217(3):126\u2013134."},{"issue":"26","key":"i1543-2165-138-10-1302-b11","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"6752","article-title":"Natural history of transient myeloproliferative disorder clinically diagnosed in Down syndrome neonates: a report from the Children's Oncology Group Study A2971","volume":"118","author":"Gamis\n              AS,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gamis\n              AS, \n            \n              Alonzo\n              TA, \n            \n              Gerbing\n              RB, \n            et al\n          . Natural history of transient myeloproliferative disorder clinically diagnosed in Down syndrome neonates: a report from the Children's Oncology Group Study A2971. Blood. 2011;118(26):6752\u20136759."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-138-10-1302-b12","series-title":"Br J Haematol","first-page":"610","article-title":"Risk factors for early death in neonates with Down syndrome and transient leukemia","volume":"142","author":"Muramatsu\n              H,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Muramatsu\n              H, \n            \n              Kato\n              K, \n            \n              Watanabe\n              N, \n            et al\n          . Risk factors for early death in neonates with Down syndrome and transient leukemia. Br J Haematol. 2008;142(4):610\u2013615."},{"key":"i1543-2165-138-10-1302-b13","series-title":"World Health Organization Classification of Tumours; vol 2","article-title":"WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues","author":"Swerdlow\n              SH,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Swerdlow\n              SH, \n            \n              Campo\n              E, \n            \n              Harris\n              NL, \n            et al\n          . WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. Lyon, France: IARC Press;2008. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours; vol 2."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-138-10-1302-b14","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"608","article-title":"Distinctive demography, biology, and outcome of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome in children with Down syndrome: Children's Cancer Group Studies 2861 and 2891","volume":"91","author":"Lange\n              BJ,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lange\n              BJ, \n            \n              Kobrinsky\n              N, \n            \n              Barnard\n              DR, \n            et al\n          . Distinctive demography, biology, and outcome of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome in children with Down syndrome: Children's Cancer Group Studies 2861 and 2891. 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