{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T06:23:29Z","timestamp":1773296609963,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas (MANECs) are composite neoplasms with areas of adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma intermingled with neuroendocrine carcinoma or neuroendocrine tumor, each composing at least 30% of the neoplasm. MANECs are very infrequent overall, and they are more commonly diagnosed in the appendix, colon, and stomach. Biliary MANECs are particularly rare, and their histogenesis is debated because neuroendocrine cells are seldom identified in the normal biliary tract. They can show one of the 3 different architectural patterns described in Lewin's original classification: collision tumors, combined lesions, or amphicrine neoplasms. The neuroendocrine component is usually of a high grade, with small or large cell cytomorphology, whereas the adenocarcinoma component is either an intestinal or biliary type. Clinical presentation is characterized by locally advanced disease at the time of initial diagnosis. Recent studies suggest that treatment should be guided by the most aggressive histologic component.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2015-0102-rs","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,29]],"date-time":"2016-09-29T09:14:32Z","timestamp":1475140472000},"page":"1157-1162","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Primary Biliary Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinoma (MANEC): A Short Review"],"prefix":"10.5858","volume":"140","author":[{"given":"Andres M.","family":"Acosta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago Hospital and Health Sciences System."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth Louise","family":"Wiley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3906","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b01","series-title":"Cancers (Basel)","first-page":"11","article-title":"Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas (MANECs) of the gastrointestinal tract: an update","volume":"4","author":"La Rosa \n              S,","year":"2012","unstructured":"La Rosa \n              S, \n            \n            \n              Marando \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Sessa \n              F, \n            \n            \n              Capella \n              C. \n            \n          \n          Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas (MANECs) of the gastrointestinal tract: an update. Cancers (Basel). 2012;4(1):11\u201330."},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b02","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"71","article-title":"Carcinoid tumors and the mixed (composite) glandular-endocrine cell carcinomas","volume":"11","author":"Lewin \n              K.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Lewin \n              K. \n            \n          \n          Carcinoid tumors and the mixed (composite) glandular-endocrine cell carcinomas. Am J Surg Pathol. 1987;11(suppl 1):71\u201386."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b03","series-title":"Virchows Arch","first-page":"499","article-title":"The grey zone between pure (neuro)endocrine and non-(neuro)endocrine tumours: a comment on concepts and classification of mixed exocrine-endocrine neoplasms","volume":"449","author":"Volante \n              M,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Volante \n              M, \n            \n            \n              Rindi \n              G, \n            \n            \n              Papotti \n              M. \n            \n          \n          The grey zone between pure (neuro)endocrine and non-(neuro)endocrine tumours: a comment on concepts and classification of mixed exocrine-endocrine neoplasms. Virchows Arch. 2006;449(5):499\u2013506."},{"key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b04","series-title":"WHO Classification of Tumours of the Digestive System. 4th ed","first-page":"13","article-title":"Nomenclature and classification of neuroendocrine neoplasms of the digestive system","author":"Rindi \n              G,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rindi \n              G, \n            \n            \n              Klimstra \n              DS, \n            \n            \n              Arnold \n              R, \n            \n            et al. \n          Nomenclature and classification of neuroendocrine neoplasms of the digestive system. In: Bosman FT, Carneiro F, Hruban RH, Theise ND, eds. WHO Classification of Tumours of the Digestive System. 4th ed. Lyon, France: IARC Press;2010:13\u201314. World Health Organization Classification of Tumors; vol 3."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b05","series-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med","first-page":"262","article-title":"Adenoma-carcinoid tumors of the colon","volume":"122","author":"Lyda \n              MH,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lyda \n              MH, \n            \n            \n              Fenoglio-Preiser \n              CM. \n            \n          \n          Adenoma-carcinoid tumors of the colon. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1998;122(3):262\u2013265."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b06","series-title":"Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi","first-page":"522","article-title":"Clinicopathological features of the primary gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms [in Chinese]","volume":"36","author":"Liang \n              J,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liang \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Liu \n              S. \n            \n          \n          Clinicopathological features of the primary gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms [in Chinese]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 2014;36(7):522\u2013528."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b07","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"413","article-title":"Colorectal glandular-neuroendocrine mixed tumor: pathologic spectrum and clinical implications","volume":"35","author":"Li \n              Y,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Li \n              Y, \n            \n            \n              Yau \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Schaeffer \n              D, \n            \n            et al. \n          Colorectal glandular-neuroendocrine mixed tumor: pathologic spectrum and clinical implications. Am J Surg Pathol. 2011;35(3):413\u2013425."},{"key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b08","series-title":"Histology for Pathologists. 3rd ed","first-page":"705","article-title":"Gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary system","author":"Stelow \n              EB,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stelow \n              EB, \n            \n            \n              Hong \n              SM, \n            \n            \n              Frierson \n              JHF. \n            \n          \n          Gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary system. In: Mills SE, ed. Histology for Pathologists. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins;2007:705\u2013722."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b09","series-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med","first-page":"143","article-title":"Endocrine cells in the intrahepatic biliary tree in normal livers and hepatolithiasis","volume":"113","author":"Kurumaya \n              H,","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kurumaya \n              H, \n            \n            \n              Ohta \n              G, \n            \n            \n              Nakanuma \n              Y. \n            \n          \n          Endocrine cells in the intrahepatic biliary tree in normal livers and hepatolithiasis. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1989;113(2):143\u2013147."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b10","series-title":"Pathol Int","first-page":"780","article-title":"Mucin-producing gallbladder adenocarcinoma with focal small cell and large cell neuroendocrine differentiation associated with pancreaticobiliary maljunction","volume":"58","author":"Oshiro \n              H,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Oshiro \n              H, \n            \n            \n              Matsuo \n              K, \n            \n            \n              Mawatari \n              H, \n            \n            et al. \n          Mucin-producing gallbladder adenocarcinoma with focal small cell and large cell neuroendocrine differentiation associated with pancreaticobiliary maljunction. Pathol Int. 2008;58(12):780\u2013786."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b11","series-title":"J Surg Oncol","first-page":"615","article-title":"Preneoplastic lesions in gallbladder cancer","volume":"93","author":"Roa \n              I,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Roa \n              I, \n            \n            \n              de Aretxabala \n              X, \n            \n            \n              Araya \n              JC, \n            \n            \n              Roa \n              J. \n            \n          \n          Preneoplastic lesions in gallbladder cancer. J Surg Oncol. 2006;93(8):615\u2013623."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b12","series-title":"Mol Cell Biol","first-page":"619","article-title":"An intestine-specific homeobox gene regulates proliferation and differentiation","volume":"16","author":"Suh \n              E,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Suh \n              E, \n            \n            \n              Traber \n              PG. \n            \n          \n          An intestine-specific homeobox gene regulates proliferation and differentiation. Mol Cell Biol. 1996;16(2):619\u2013625."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b13","series-title":"Hum Pathol","first-page":"66","article-title":"A close relationship between intestinal metaplasia and Cdx2 expression in human gallbladders with cholelithiasis","volume":"38","author":"Sakamoto \n              H,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sakamoto \n              H, \n            \n            \n              Mutoh \n              H, \n            \n            \n              Ido \n              K, \n            \n            \n              Satoh \n              K, \n            \n            \n              Hayakawa \n              H, \n            \n            \n              Sugano \n              K. \n            \n          \n          A close relationship between intestinal metaplasia and Cdx2 expression in human gallbladders with cholelithiasis. Hum Pathol. 2007;38(1):66\u201371."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b14","series-title":"Int J Surg Pathol","first-page":"414","article-title":"Primary mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder in a 55-year-old female patient: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"23","author":"Acosta \n              AM,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Acosta \n              AM, \n            \n            \n              Hamedani \n              FS, \n            \n            \n              Kajdacsy-Balla \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Wiley \n              EL. \n            \n          \n          Primary mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder in a 55-year-old female patient: a case report and review of the literature. Int J Surg Pathol. 2015;23(5):414\u2013418."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b15","series-title":"Virchows Arch","first-page":"281","article-title":"Clinicopathologic study of mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas of hepatobiliary organs","volume":"460","author":"Harada \n              K,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Harada \n              K, \n            \n            \n              Sato \n              Y, \n            \n            \n              Ikeda \n              H, \n            \n            et al. \n          Clinicopathologic study of mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas of hepatobiliary organs. Virchows Arch. 2012;460(3):281\u2013289."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b16","series-title":"Tohoku J Exp Med","first-page":"301","article-title":"Expression of CD133 in neuroendocrine neoplasms of the digestive tract: a detailed immunohistochemical analysis","volume":"229","author":"Mia-Jan \n              K,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mia-Jan \n              K, \n            \n            \n              Munkhdelger \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Lee \n              MR, \n            \n            et al. \n          Expression of CD133 in neuroendocrine neoplasms of the digestive tract: a detailed immunohistochemical analysis. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2013;229(4):301\u2013309."},{"issue":"10","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b17","series-title":"Pathol Int","first-page":"608","article-title":"Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) of the gallbladder: a possible stem cell tumor?","volume":"61","author":"PanizMondolfi \n              AE,","year":"2011","unstructured":"PanizMondolfi \n              AE, \n            \n            \n              Slova \n              D, \n            \n            \n              Fan \n              W, \n            \n            et al\n          . Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) of the gallbladder: a possible stem cell tumor?Pathol Int. 2011;61(10):608\u2013614."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b18","series-title":"Neuroendocrinology","first-page":"310","article-title":"Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract: targeted next-generation sequencing suggests a monoclonal origin of the two components","volume":"100","author":"Scardoni \n              M,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Scardoni \n              M, \n            \n            \n              Vittoria \n              E, \n            \n            \n              Volante \n              M, \n            \n            et al. \n          Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract: targeted next-generation sequencing suggests a monoclonal origin of the two components. Neuroendocrinology. 2014;100(4):310\u2013316."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b19","series-title":"Pathol Int","first-page":"113","article-title":"Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder with squamous cell carcinomatous and osteosarcomatous differentiation: report of a case","volume":"63","author":"Shintaku \n              M,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shintaku \n              M, \n            \n            \n              Kataoka \n              K, \n            \n            \n              Kawabata \n              K. \n            \n          \n          Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder with squamous cell carcinomatous and osteosarcomatous differentiation: report of a case. Pathol Int. 2013;63(2):113\u2013119."},{"key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b20","series-title":"Case Rep Pathol","first-page":"347949","article-title":"Mixed large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and adenocarcinoma with spindle cell and clear cell features in the extrahepatic bile duct","volume":"2014","author":"Wysocki \n              J,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wysocki \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Agarwal \n              R, \n            \n            \n              Bratton \n              L, \n            \n            et al. \n          Mixed large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and adenocarcinoma with spindle cell and clear cell features in the extrahepatic bile duct. Case Rep Pathol. 2014;2014:347949."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b21","series-title":"Virchows Arch","first-page":"135","article-title":"Combined adenosquamous and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder","volume":"449","author":"Noske \n              A,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Noske \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Pahl \n              S. \n            \n          \n          Combined adenosquamous and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder. Virchows Arch. 2006;449(1):135\u2013136."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b22","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"4350","article-title":"Regulation of neuroendocrine differentiation in gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor cells by notch signaling","volume":"90","author":"Nakakura \n              EK,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nakakura \n              EK, \n            \n            \n              Sriuranpong \n              VR, \n            \n            \n              Kunnimalaiyaan \n              M, \n            \n            et al. \n          Regulation of neuroendocrine differentiation in gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor cells by notch signaling. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(7):4350\u20134356."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b23","series-title":"J Clin Pathol","first-page":"386","article-title":"Notch1-Hes1 signalling axis in the tumourigenesis of biliary neuroendocrine tumours","volume":"66","author":"Harada \n              K,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Harada \n              K, \n            \n            \n              Sato \n              Y, \n            \n            \n              Ikeda \n              H, \n            \n            \n              Hsu \n              M, \n            \n            \n              Igarashi \n              S, \n            \n            \n              Nakanuma \n              Y. \n            \n          \n          Notch1-Hes1 signalling axis in the tumourigenesis of biliary neuroendocrine tumours. J Clin Pathol. 2013;66(5):386\u2013391."},{"key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b24","series-title":"Diagn Pathol","first-page":"163","article-title":"Successful treatment of gallbladder mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy","volume":"7","author":"Song \n              W,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Song \n              W, \n            \n            \n              Chen \n              W, \n            \n            \n              Zhang \n              S, \n            \n            \n              Peng \n              J, \n            \n            \n              He \n              Y. \n            \n          \n          Successful treatment of gallbladder mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. Diagn Pathol. 2012;7:163."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b25","series-title":"Pathol Int","first-page":"465","article-title":"A case of mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder arising from an intracystic papillary neoplasm associated with pancreaticobiliary maljunction","volume":"64","author":"Meguro \n              Y,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Meguro \n              Y, \n            \n            \n              Fukushima \n              N, \n            \n            \n              Koizumi \n              M, \n            \n            et al. \n          A case of mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder arising from an intracystic papillary neoplasm associated with pancreaticobiliary maljunction. Pathol Int. 2014;64(9):465\u2013471."},{"issue":"20","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b26","series-title":"World J Gastroenterol","first-page":"3161","article-title":"Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct accompanying biliary mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma","volume":"19","author":"Onishi \n              I,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Onishi \n              I, \n            \n            \n              Kitagawa \n              H, \n            \n            \n              Harada \n              K, \n            \n            et al. \n          Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct accompanying biliary mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol. 2013;19(20):3161\u20133164."},{"issue":"33","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b27","series-title":"World J Gastroenterol","first-page":"11916","article-title":"Two cases of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder","volume":"20","author":"Chen \n              H,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen \n              H, \n            \n            \n              Shen \n              YY, \n            \n            \n              Ni \n              XZ. \n            \n          \n          Two cases of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(33):11916\u201311920."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b28","series-title":"Pathol Res Pract","first-page":"397","article-title":"Combined large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder","volume":"206","author":"Sato \n              K,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sato \n              K, \n            \n            \n              Imai \n              T, \n            \n            \n              Shirota \n              Y, \n            \n            \n              Ueda \n              Y, \n            \n            \n              Katsuda \n              S. \n            \n          \n          Combined large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder. Pathol Res Pract. 2010;206(6):397\u2013400."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b29","series-title":"Am J Case Rep","first-page":"37","article-title":"Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma arising in a papillary adenoma of gallbladder","volume":"2","author":"Chatterjee \n              D,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chatterjee \n              D, \n            \n            \n              Wang \n              H. \n            \n          \n          Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma arising in a papillary adenoma of gallbladder. Am J Case Rep. 2014;2(1):37\u201342."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b30","series-title":"J Chin Med Assoc","first-page":"454","article-title":"High neuroendocrine component is a factor for poor prognosis in gastrointestinal high-grade malignant mixed adenoneuroendocrine neoplasms","volume":"78","author":"Chen \n              MH,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen \n              MH, \n            \n            \n              Kuo \n              YJ, \n            \n            \n              Yeh \n              YC, \n            \n            et al. \n          High neuroendocrine component is a factor for poor prognosis in gastrointestinal high-grade malignant mixed adenoneuroendocrine neoplasms. J Chin Med Assoc. 2015;78(8):454\u2013459."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b31","series-title":"Dig Liver Dis","first-page":"965","article-title":"Clinical features of 20 patients with curatively resected biliary neuroendocrine tumours","volume":"43","author":"Kim \n              J,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kim \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Lee \n              WJ, \n            \n            \n              Lee \n              SH, \n            \n            et al. \n          Clinical features of 20 patients with curatively resected biliary neuroendocrine tumours. Dig Liver Dis. 2011;43(12):965\u2013970."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b01","series-title":"Cancers (Basel)","first-page":"11","article-title":"Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas (MANECs) of the gastrointestinal tract: an update","volume":"4","author":"La Rosa \n              S,","year":"2012","unstructured":"La Rosa \n              S, \n            \n            \n              Marando \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Sessa \n              F, \n            \n            \n              Capella \n              C. \n            \n          \n          Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas (MANECs) of the gastrointestinal tract: an update. Cancers (Basel). 2012;4(1):11\u201330."},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b02","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"71","article-title":"Carcinoid tumors and the mixed (composite) glandular-endocrine cell carcinomas","volume":"11","author":"Lewin \n              K.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Lewin \n              K. \n            \n          \n          Carcinoid tumors and the mixed (composite) glandular-endocrine cell carcinomas. Am J Surg Pathol. 1987;11(suppl 1):71\u201386."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b03","series-title":"Virchows Arch","first-page":"499","article-title":"The grey zone between pure (neuro)endocrine and non-(neuro)endocrine tumours: a comment on concepts and classification of mixed exocrine-endocrine neoplasms","volume":"449","author":"Volante \n              M,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Volante \n              M, \n            \n            \n              Rindi \n              G, \n            \n            \n              Papotti \n              M. \n            \n          \n          The grey zone between pure (neuro)endocrine and non-(neuro)endocrine tumours: a comment on concepts and classification of mixed exocrine-endocrine neoplasms. Virchows Arch. 2006;449(5):499\u2013506."},{"key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b04","series-title":"WHO Classification of Tumours of the Digestive System. 4th ed","first-page":"13","article-title":"Nomenclature and classification of neuroendocrine neoplasms of the digestive system","author":"Rindi \n              G,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rindi \n              G, \n            \n            \n              Klimstra \n              DS, \n            \n            \n              Arnold \n              R, \n            \n            et al. \n          Nomenclature and classification of neuroendocrine neoplasms of the digestive system. In: Bosman FT, Carneiro F, Hruban RH, Theise ND, eds. WHO Classification of Tumours of the Digestive System. 4th ed. Lyon, France: IARC Press;2010:13\u201314. World Health Organization Classification of Tumors; vol 3."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b05","series-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med","first-page":"262","article-title":"Adenoma-carcinoid tumors of the colon","volume":"122","author":"Lyda \n              MH,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lyda \n              MH, \n            \n            \n              Fenoglio-Preiser \n              CM. \n            \n          \n          Adenoma-carcinoid tumors of the colon. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1998;122(3):262\u2013265."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b06","series-title":"Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi","first-page":"522","article-title":"Clinicopathological features of the primary gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms [in Chinese]","volume":"36","author":"Liang \n              J,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liang \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Liu \n              S. \n            \n          \n          Clinicopathological features of the primary gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms [in Chinese]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 2014;36(7):522\u2013528."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b07","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"413","article-title":"Colorectal glandular-neuroendocrine mixed tumor: pathologic spectrum and clinical implications","volume":"35","author":"Li \n              Y,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Li \n              Y, \n            \n            \n              Yau \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Schaeffer \n              D, \n            \n            et al. \n          Colorectal glandular-neuroendocrine mixed tumor: pathologic spectrum and clinical implications. Am J Surg Pathol. 2011;35(3):413\u2013425."},{"key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b08","series-title":"Histology for Pathologists. 3rd ed","first-page":"705","article-title":"Gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary system","author":"Stelow \n              EB,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stelow \n              EB, \n            \n            \n              Hong \n              SM, \n            \n            \n              Frierson \n              JHF. \n            \n          \n          Gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary system. In: Mills SE, ed. Histology for Pathologists. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins;2007:705\u2013722."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b09","series-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med","first-page":"143","article-title":"Endocrine cells in the intrahepatic biliary tree in normal livers and hepatolithiasis","volume":"113","author":"Kurumaya \n              H,","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kurumaya \n              H, \n            \n            \n              Ohta \n              G, \n            \n            \n              Nakanuma \n              Y. \n            \n          \n          Endocrine cells in the intrahepatic biliary tree in normal livers and hepatolithiasis. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1989;113(2):143\u2013147."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b10","series-title":"Pathol Int","first-page":"780","article-title":"Mucin-producing gallbladder adenocarcinoma with focal small cell and large cell neuroendocrine differentiation associated with pancreaticobiliary maljunction","volume":"58","author":"Oshiro \n              H,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Oshiro \n              H, \n            \n            \n              Matsuo \n              K, \n            \n            \n              Mawatari \n              H, \n            \n            et al. \n          Mucin-producing gallbladder adenocarcinoma with focal small cell and large cell neuroendocrine differentiation associated with pancreaticobiliary maljunction. Pathol Int. 2008;58(12):780\u2013786."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b11","series-title":"J Surg Oncol","first-page":"615","article-title":"Preneoplastic lesions in gallbladder cancer","volume":"93","author":"Roa \n              I,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Roa \n              I, \n            \n            \n              de Aretxabala \n              X, \n            \n            \n              Araya \n              JC, \n            \n            \n              Roa \n              J. \n            \n          \n          Preneoplastic lesions in gallbladder cancer. J Surg Oncol. 2006;93(8):615\u2013623."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b12","series-title":"Mol Cell Biol","first-page":"619","article-title":"An intestine-specific homeobox gene regulates proliferation and differentiation","volume":"16","author":"Suh \n              E,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Suh \n              E, \n            \n            \n              Traber \n              PG. \n            \n          \n          An intestine-specific homeobox gene regulates proliferation and differentiation. Mol Cell Biol. 1996;16(2):619\u2013625."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b13","series-title":"Hum Pathol","first-page":"66","article-title":"A close relationship between intestinal metaplasia and Cdx2 expression in human gallbladders with cholelithiasis","volume":"38","author":"Sakamoto \n              H,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sakamoto \n              H, \n            \n            \n              Mutoh \n              H, \n            \n            \n              Ido \n              K, \n            \n            \n              Satoh \n              K, \n            \n            \n              Hayakawa \n              H, \n            \n            \n              Sugano \n              K. \n            \n          \n          A close relationship between intestinal metaplasia and Cdx2 expression in human gallbladders with cholelithiasis. Hum Pathol. 2007;38(1):66\u201371."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b14","series-title":"Int J Surg Pathol","first-page":"414","article-title":"Primary mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder in a 55-year-old female patient: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"23","author":"Acosta \n              AM,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Acosta \n              AM, \n            \n            \n              Hamedani \n              FS, \n            \n            \n              Kajdacsy-Balla \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Wiley \n              EL. \n            \n          \n          Primary mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder in a 55-year-old female patient: a case report and review of the literature. Int J Surg Pathol. 2015;23(5):414\u2013418."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b15","series-title":"Virchows Arch","first-page":"281","article-title":"Clinicopathologic study of mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas of hepatobiliary organs","volume":"460","author":"Harada \n              K,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Harada \n              K, \n            \n            \n              Sato \n              Y, \n            \n            \n              Ikeda \n              H, \n            \n            et al. \n          Clinicopathologic study of mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas of hepatobiliary organs. Virchows Arch. 2012;460(3):281\u2013289."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b16","series-title":"Tohoku J Exp Med","first-page":"301","article-title":"Expression of CD133 in neuroendocrine neoplasms of the digestive tract: a detailed immunohistochemical analysis","volume":"229","author":"Mia-Jan \n              K,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mia-Jan \n              K, \n            \n            \n              Munkhdelger \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Lee \n              MR, \n            \n            et al. \n          Expression of CD133 in neuroendocrine neoplasms of the digestive tract: a detailed immunohistochemical analysis. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2013;229(4):301\u2013309."},{"issue":"10","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b17","series-title":"Pathol Int","first-page":"608","article-title":"Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) of the gallbladder: a possible stem cell tumor?","volume":"61","author":"PanizMondolfi \n              AE,","year":"2011","unstructured":"PanizMondolfi \n              AE, \n            \n            \n              Slova \n              D, \n            \n            \n              Fan \n              W, \n            \n            et al\n          . Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) of the gallbladder: a possible stem cell tumor?Pathol Int. 2011;61(10):608\u2013614."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b18","series-title":"Neuroendocrinology","first-page":"310","article-title":"Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract: targeted next-generation sequencing suggests a monoclonal origin of the two components","volume":"100","author":"Scardoni \n              M,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Scardoni \n              M, \n            \n            \n              Vittoria \n              E, \n            \n            \n              Volante \n              M, \n            \n            et al. \n          Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract: targeted next-generation sequencing suggests a monoclonal origin of the two components. Neuroendocrinology. 2014;100(4):310\u2013316."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b19","series-title":"Pathol Int","first-page":"113","article-title":"Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder with squamous cell carcinomatous and osteosarcomatous differentiation: report of a case","volume":"63","author":"Shintaku \n              M,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shintaku \n              M, \n            \n            \n              Kataoka \n              K, \n            \n            \n              Kawabata \n              K. \n            \n          \n          Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder with squamous cell carcinomatous and osteosarcomatous differentiation: report of a case. Pathol Int. 2013;63(2):113\u2013119."},{"key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b20","series-title":"Case Rep Pathol","first-page":"347949","article-title":"Mixed large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and adenocarcinoma with spindle cell and clear cell features in the extrahepatic bile duct","volume":"2014","author":"Wysocki \n              J,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wysocki \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Agarwal \n              R, \n            \n            \n              Bratton \n              L, \n            \n            et al. \n          Mixed large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and adenocarcinoma with spindle cell and clear cell features in the extrahepatic bile duct. Case Rep Pathol. 2014;2014:347949."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b21","series-title":"Virchows Arch","first-page":"135","article-title":"Combined adenosquamous and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder","volume":"449","author":"Noske \n              A,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Noske \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Pahl \n              S. \n            \n          \n          Combined adenosquamous and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder. Virchows Arch. 2006;449(1):135\u2013136."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b22","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"4350","article-title":"Regulation of neuroendocrine differentiation in gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor cells by notch signaling","volume":"90","author":"Nakakura \n              EK,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nakakura \n              EK, \n            \n            \n              Sriuranpong \n              VR, \n            \n            \n              Kunnimalaiyaan \n              M, \n            \n            et al. \n          Regulation of neuroendocrine differentiation in gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor cells by notch signaling. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(7):4350\u20134356."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b23","series-title":"J Clin Pathol","first-page":"386","article-title":"Notch1-Hes1 signalling axis in the tumourigenesis of biliary neuroendocrine tumours","volume":"66","author":"Harada \n              K,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Harada \n              K, \n            \n            \n              Sato \n              Y, \n            \n            \n              Ikeda \n              H, \n            \n            \n              Hsu \n              M, \n            \n            \n              Igarashi \n              S, \n            \n            \n              Nakanuma \n              Y. \n            \n          \n          Notch1-Hes1 signalling axis in the tumourigenesis of biliary neuroendocrine tumours. J Clin Pathol. 2013;66(5):386\u2013391."},{"key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b24","series-title":"Diagn Pathol","first-page":"163","article-title":"Successful treatment of gallbladder mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy","volume":"7","author":"Song \n              W,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Song \n              W, \n            \n            \n              Chen \n              W, \n            \n            \n              Zhang \n              S, \n            \n            \n              Peng \n              J, \n            \n            \n              He \n              Y. \n            \n          \n          Successful treatment of gallbladder mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. Diagn Pathol. 2012;7:163."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b25","series-title":"Pathol Int","first-page":"465","article-title":"A case of mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder arising from an intracystic papillary neoplasm associated with pancreaticobiliary maljunction","volume":"64","author":"Meguro \n              Y,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Meguro \n              Y, \n            \n            \n              Fukushima \n              N, \n            \n            \n              Koizumi \n              M, \n            \n            et al. \n          A case of mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder arising from an intracystic papillary neoplasm associated with pancreaticobiliary maljunction. Pathol Int. 2014;64(9):465\u2013471."},{"issue":"20","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b26","series-title":"World J Gastroenterol","first-page":"3161","article-title":"Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct accompanying biliary mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma","volume":"19","author":"Onishi \n              I,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Onishi \n              I, \n            \n            \n              Kitagawa \n              H, \n            \n            \n              Harada \n              K, \n            \n            et al. \n          Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct accompanying biliary mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol. 2013;19(20):3161\u20133164."},{"issue":"33","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b27","series-title":"World J Gastroenterol","first-page":"11916","article-title":"Two cases of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder","volume":"20","author":"Chen \n              H,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen \n              H, \n            \n            \n              Shen \n              YY, \n            \n            \n              Ni \n              XZ. \n            \n          \n          Two cases of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(33):11916\u201311920."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b28","series-title":"Pathol Res Pract","first-page":"397","article-title":"Combined large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder","volume":"206","author":"Sato \n              K,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sato \n              K, \n            \n            \n              Imai \n              T, \n            \n            \n              Shirota \n              Y, \n            \n            \n              Ueda \n              Y, \n            \n            \n              Katsuda \n              S. \n            \n          \n          Combined large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder. Pathol Res Pract. 2010;206(6):397\u2013400."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b29","series-title":"Am J Case Rep","first-page":"37","article-title":"Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma arising in a papillary adenoma of gallbladder","volume":"2","author":"Chatterjee \n              D,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chatterjee \n              D, \n            \n            \n              Wang \n              H. \n            \n          \n          Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma arising in a papillary adenoma of gallbladder. Am J Case Rep. 2014;2(1):37\u201342."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b30","series-title":"J Chin Med Assoc","first-page":"454","article-title":"High neuroendocrine component is a factor for poor prognosis in gastrointestinal high-grade malignant mixed adenoneuroendocrine neoplasms","volume":"78","author":"Chen \n              MH,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen \n              MH, \n            \n            \n              Kuo \n              YJ, \n            \n            \n              Yeh \n              YC, \n            \n            et al. \n          High neuroendocrine component is a factor for poor prognosis in gastrointestinal high-grade malignant mixed adenoneuroendocrine neoplasms. J Chin Med Assoc. 2015;78(8):454\u2013459."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1543-2165-140-10-1157-b31","series-title":"Dig Liver Dis","first-page":"965","article-title":"Clinical features of 20 patients with curatively resected biliary neuroendocrine tumours","volume":"43","author":"Kim \n              J,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kim \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Lee \n              WJ, \n            \n            \n              Lee \n              SH, \n            \n            et al. \n          Clinical features of 20 patients with curatively resected biliary neuroendocrine tumours. Dig Liver Dis. 2011;43(12):965\u2013970."}],"container-title":["Archives of Pathology &amp; Laboratory Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aplm.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/arpa\/140\/10\/article-p1157.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/aplm\/article-pdf\/140\/10\/1157\/1615007\/arpa_2015-0102-rs.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aplm.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/arpa\/140\/10\/article-p1157.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aplm.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/arpa\/140\/10\/article-p1157.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T01:06:01Z","timestamp":1770771961000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aplm.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/arpa\/140\/10\/article-p1157.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5858\/arpa.2015-0102-rs","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-9985","1543-2165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-9985","type":"print"},{"value":"1543-2165","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]}}}