{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T07:13:12Z","timestamp":1792480392235,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context.\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a well-established method for detection of genomic aberrations in diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive marker testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective.\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To review common applications of FISH in cytology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Sources.\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The published literature was reviewed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cytology is particularly well suited for all kinds of FISH applications, which is highlighted in respiratory tract cytology with an increasing demand for predictive FISH testing in lung cancer. Fluorescence in situ hybridization is the gold standard for detection of predictive anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene (ALK) rearrangements, and the same evaluation criteria as in histology apply to cytology. Several other gene rearrangements, including ROS proto-oncogene 1 receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1), are becoming clinically important and share the same underlining cytogenetic mechanisms with ALK. MET amplification is one of the most common mechanisms of acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors and can be targeted by crizotinib. As genomic aberrations are a hallmark of malignant cells, FISH is a valuable objective ancillary diagnostic tool. In urinary tract cytology, atypical urothelial cells equivocal for malignancy are a common diagnostic dilemma and multitarget FISH can help clarify such cells. Diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma remains one of the most challenging fields in effusion cytology, and ancillary FISH is useful in establishing the diagnosis. Fluorescence in situ hybridization is a morphology-based technique, and the prerequisite for reliable FISH results is a targeted evaluation of the cells in question (eg, cancer or atypical cells). Cytopathologists and cytotechnicians should therefore be involved in molecular testing in order to select the best material and to provide their morphologic expertise.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2016-0202-ra","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]],"date-time":"2016-08-01T15:24:40Z","timestamp":1470065080000},"page":"1323-1330","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Common Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Applications in Cytology"],"prefix":"10.5858","volume":"140","author":[{"given":"Spasenija","family":"Savic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Bubendorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3906","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2020081222344234400_i1543-2165-140-12-1323-b01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.02.013","article-title":"Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation","volume":"144","author":"Hanahan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020081222344234400_i1543-2165-140-12-1323-b02","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64472-0","article-title":"Effect of fixatives and tissue processing on the content and integrity of nucleic acids","volume":"161","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2020081222344234400_i1543-2165-140-12-1323-b03","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e318290868f","article-title":"Molecular testing guideline for selection of lung cancer patients for EGFR and ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors: guideline from the College of American Pathologists, International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, and Association for Molecular Pathology","volume":"8","author":"Lindeman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2020081222344234400_i1543-2165-140-12-1323-b04","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdu145","article-title":"Second ESMO consensus conference on lung cancer: pathology and molecular biomarkers for non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"25","author":"Kerr","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020081222344234400_i1543-2165-140-12-1323-b05","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1159\/000368857","article-title":"Guideline for the acquisition and preparation of conventional and endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration specimens for the diagnosis and molecular testing of patients with known or suspected lung cancer","volume":"88","author":"van der Heijden","year":"2014","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020081222344234400_i1543-2165-140-12-1323-b06","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1111\/cyt.12174","article-title":"Cell blocks in cytopathology: a review of preparative methods, utility in diagnosis and role in ancillary studies","volume":"25","author":"Jain","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cytopathology"},{"key":"2020081222344234400_i1543-2165-140-12-1323-b07","first-page":"912","article-title":"Molecular techniques","author":"Bubendorf","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comprehensive Cytopathology. 4th ed"},{"issue":"10","key":"2020081222344234400_i1543-2165-140-12-1323-b08","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810699","article-title":"Gefitinib or carboplatin-paclitaxel in pulmonary adenocarcinoma","volume":"361","author":"Mok","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"25","key":"2020081222344234400_i1543-2165-140-12-1323-b09","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2385","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1214886","article-title":"at al. 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