{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T22:04:24Z","timestamp":1789596264219,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]]},"abstract":"\n Context.\u2014<\/jats:title>\n Testicular germ cell tumors with lymphovascular invasion (LVI) are staged pT2, and those with spermatic cord involvement are staged pT3.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective.\u2014<\/jats:title>\n To study the clinical significance of LVI within the spermatic cord without direct involvement of the cord soft tissues.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design.\u2014<\/jats:title>\n A retrospective, multi-institutional review was performed on testicular GCTs with spermatic cord LVI in the absence of cord soft tissue invasion.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results.\u2014<\/jats:title>\n Forty-four germ cell tumors had LVI in the spermatic cord without soft tissue invasion; 37 of 44 patients (84%) had nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT), and 7 (16%) had pure seminomas. Patients with NSGCTs and spermatic cord LVI had worse clinical outcomes compared with patients with pure seminoma and spermatic cord LVI (P = .008). We then compared patients with NSGCTs and spermatic cord LVI (n = 37) to patients with NSGCTs and LVI limited to the testis (n = 32). A significantly greater percentage of patients with LVI in the spermatic cord presented with advanced clinical stage (76% versus 50%; P = .01). There was no statistically significant difference in disease recurrence\/progression or death between patients with spermatic cord LVI and patients with LVI limited to the testis (P = .40; P = .50). There was no significant difference in the presence of embryonal dominant histology (P = .30) or rete testis invasion (P = .50) between the 2 groups. More hilar soft tissue invasion was seen in patients with LVI present in the spermatic cord (P = .004).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions.\u2014<\/jats:title>\n In patients with NSGCTs, LVI in the spermatic cord, without soft tissue invasion, is associated with worse clinical stage at presentation compared with patients with LVI confined to the testis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2016-0226-oa","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,31]],"date-time":"2017-03-31T11:30:36Z","timestamp":1490959836000},"page":"824-829","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The Significance of Lymphovascular Invasion of the Spermatic Cord in the Absence of Cord Soft Tissue Invasion"],"prefix":"10.5858","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"Brandi C.","family":"McCleskey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan I.","family":"Epstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constantine","family":"Albany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neda","family":"Hashemi-Sadraei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad T.","family":"Idrees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie M.","family":"Jorns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David Y.","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andres","family":"Matoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soroush","family":"Rais-Bahrami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren E.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas M.","family":"Ulbright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Gordetsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Pathology (Drs McCleskey and Gordetsky), Urology (Drs Rais-Bahrami and Gordetsky), and Radiology (Dr Rais-Bahrami), University of Alabama, Birmingham; the Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (Dr Jorns); the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (Dr Lu); the Department of Pathology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (Dr Matoso); the Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Dr Schwartz); the Departments of Hematology\/Oncology (Drs Albany and Hashemi-Sadraei) and Pathology (Drs Idrees and Ulbright), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; and the Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland (Dr. Epstein)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3906","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2022060214580984800_i1543-2165-141-6-824-b01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2015.0094","article-title":"Follow-up management of patients with testicular cancer: a multidisciplinary consensus-based approach","volume":"13","author":"Beard","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"key":"2022060214580984800_i1543-2165-141-6-824-b02","article-title":"AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 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