{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T12:21:52Z","timestamp":1756902112932,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"The Pediatric Pharmacy Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To determine whether patients receiving higher doses of caffeine have increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels, as a biomarker for osteopenia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This descriptive, retrospective study included 152 extremely low-birth-weight infants (ie, &amp;lt;1 kg) admitted from January 1, 2007, to September 30, 2009, who received caffeine for &amp;gt;2 weeks. Patients were divided into a low-dose (&amp;lt;7.5 mg\/kg\/day) and high-dose (\u22657.5 mg\/kg\/day) group based on maximum caffeine dose received. The primary objective was to compare peak ALP levels between groups. Secondary objectives included a comparison of caffeine regimens and risk factors for osteopenia between groups and identification of factors significantly related to increase in ALP. Between-group analysis was performed using the chi-squared or Fisher exact test and Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney median test or t-tests where appropriate. A linear regression model was used, with peak ALP as the dependent variable.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A majority of the patients (n=122) were included in the high-dose caffeine group. No significant difference in maximum ALP level between groups (median, 599.5, versus 602.5 units\/L, p=0.72). Gestational age and birth weight were inversely related to ALP, whereas parenteral nutrition duration was directly related. No significant relationship between caffeine dose and ALP was identified.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this preliminary study, using ALP as a biochemical marker for bone turnover, there does not appear to be a dose-related effect between ALP and caffeine dose.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5863\/1551-6776-17.1.58","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]],"date-time":"2020-10-27T19:47:08Z","timestamp":1603828028000},"page":"58-66","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Relationship of Caffeine Dosing With Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Levels in Extremely Low-Birth-Weight Infants"],"prefix":"10.5863","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jamie L","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Clinical and Administrative Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raja R","family":"Nandyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael P","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma College of Public Health, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marilyn B","family":"Escobedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3883","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2020102715453036800_i1551-6776-17-1-58-b01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1707","article-title":"Reported medication use in the neonatal intensive care unit: data from a large national data set","volume":"117","author":"Clark","year":"2006;","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2020102715453036800_i1551-6776-17-1-58-b02","unstructured":"Young\n              TE, \n            \n              Mangum\n              B. \n          \n          NeoFax. 22nd ed. 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