{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T12:22:12Z","timestamp":1756902132285,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"The Pediatric Pharmacy Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>OBJECTIVES<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to describe dosage regimens and treatment outcomes in critically ill children receiving ethacrynic acid continuous infusions (CI).<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated patients less than 18 years of age who received ethacrynic acid CI with a duration exceeding 12 hours, from January 1, 2007, through January 31, 2012. The primary objective was to determine the mean\/median doses of ethacrynic acid CI. Secondary objectives were to assess surrogate efficacy markers (e.g., urine output [UOP], fluid balance) and the number of patients with electrolyte abnormalities or metabolic alkalosis. Descriptive statistics were used. A series of repeated measures analyses of variance were conducted to assess differences in surrogate efficacy markers and in adverse events that occurred pre-, mid-, and posttherapy.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Nine patients were included. The mean \u00b1 SD initial and maximum doses (mg\/kg\/hr) were 0.13 \u00b1 0.07 (median 0.1; range, 0.08\u20130.3) and 0.17 \u00b1 0.08 (median, 0.16; range 0.09\u20130.3), respectively. The median UOP (mL\/kg\/hr) pre-, mid-, and postinfusions (interquartile range [IQR]) were 2.4 (1.8\u20133.2), 4.2 (3.5\u20136), and 4 (3.4\u20135.3), respectively. The median fluid balance (mL; IQR) was 189 (90\u2013526), \u2212258 (\u2212411.7 to 249) and \u2212113.5 (\u2212212.5 to 80.2), respectively. There were statistically significant differences in UOP and fluid balance pre- versus mid-therapy (0.014) and pre- versus posttherapy (p=0.010). No significant differences were noted with magnesium and potassium. Five children (55.6%) developed metabolic alkalosis.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>This study provides preliminary evidence for ethacrynic acid CI in children. The median initial dose and maximum dose in this cohort were 0.13 mg\/kg\/hr and 0.17 mg\/kg\/hr, respectively. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5863\/1551-6776-19.1.49","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,23]],"date-time":"2014-04-23T22:15:47Z","timestamp":1398291347000},"page":"49-55","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Ethacrynic Acid Continuous Infusions in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients"],"prefix":"10.5863","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Jamie L.","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Clinical and Administrative Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jared","family":"Schaefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Clinical and Administrative Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Tam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Clinical and Administrative Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donald L.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Clinical and Administrative Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter N.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Clinical and Administrative Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3883","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"i1551-6776-19-1-49-b1","series-title":"Ann Thorac Surg","first-page":"1133","article-title":"Continuous versus intermittent furosemide infusion in critically ill infants after open heart operations","volume":"64","year":"1997","unstructured":"Luciani\n              GB\n            , NichaniS, ChangAC, \n          et al. Continuous versus intermittent furosemide infusion in critically ill infants after open heart operations. Ann Thorac Surg. 1997;64(4):1133\u20131139."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1551-6776-19-1-49-b2","series-title":"Intensive Care Med","first-page":"693","article-title":"Intermittent administration of furosemide versus continuous infusion in the postoperative management of children following open heart surgery","volume":"23","year":"1997","unstructured":"Klinge\n              JM\n            , ScharfJ, HofbeckM, \n          et al. Intermittent administration of furosemide versus continuous infusion in the postoperative management of children following open heart surgery. Intensive Care Med. 1997;23(6):693\u2013697."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1551-6776-19-1-49-b3","series-title":"Crit Care Med","first-page":"17","article-title":"Comparison of continuous versus intermittent furosemide administration in postoperative pediatric cardiac patients","volume":"20","year":"1992","unstructured":"Singh\n              NC\n            , KissoonN, Al MofadaS, \n          et al. Comparison of continuous versus intermittent furosemide administration in postoperative pediatric cardiac patients. Crit Care Med. 1992;20(1):17\u201321."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1551-6776-19-1-49-b4","series-title":"Ann Thorac Surg","first-page":"1133","article-title":"Continuous versus intermittent furosemide infusion in critically ill infants after open heart operations","volume":"64","year":"1997","unstructured":"Luciani\n              GB\n            , SanjivN, ChangAC, \n          et al. Continuous versus intermittent furosemide infusion in critically ill infants after open heart operations. Ann Thorac Surg. 1997;64(4):1133\u20131139."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1551-6776-19-1-49-b5","series-title":"Crit Care","first-page":"R168","article-title":"Evaluation of furosemide regimens in neonates treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","volume":"10","year":"2006","unstructured":"van der Vorst\n              MM\n            , WildschutE, HoumesRJ, \n          et al. Evaluation of furosemide regimens in neonates treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Crit Care. 2006;10(6):R168."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1551-6776-19-1-49-b6","series-title":"Intensive Care Med","first-page":"711","article-title":"Continuous intravenous furosemide in haemodynamically unstable children after cardiac surgery","volume":"27","year":"2001","unstructured":"van der Vorst\n              MM\n            , Ruys-Dudok van HeelI, Kist-van HoltheJE, \n          et al. Continuous intravenous furosemide in haemodynamically unstable children after cardiac surgery. Intensive Care Med. 2001;27(4):711\u2013715."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1551-6776-19-1-49-b7","series-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol","first-page":"796","article-title":"Absence of tolerance and toxicity to high-dose continuous intravenous furosemide in hemodynamically unstable infants after cardiac surgery","volume":"64","year":"2007","unstructured":"van der Vorst\n              MM\n            , Kist-van HoltheJE, den HartighJ, \n          et al. Absence of tolerance and toxicity to high-dose continuous intravenous furosemide in hemodynamically unstable infants after cardiac surgery. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2007;64(6):796\u2013803."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1551-6776-19-1-49-b8","series-title":"Crit Care","first-page":"R111","article-title":"An exploratory study with an adaptive continuous intravenous furosemide regimen in neonates treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","volume":"11","year":"2007","unstructured":"van der Vorst\n              MM\n            , den HartighJ, WildschutE, \n          et al. An exploratory study with an adaptive continuous intravenous furosemide regimen in neonates treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Crit Care. 2007;11(5):R111."},{"key":"i1551-6776-19-1-49-b9","unstructured":"American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Current drug shortages: bumetanide injection; [updated May 24, 2012]; furosemide injection [updated June 12, 2012]; torsemide injection [updated May 23, 2012]. http:\/\/www.ashp.org\/DrugShort-ages\/Current\/. Accessed September 26, 2012.","article-title":"Current drug shortages: bumetanide injection"},{"issue":"17","key":"i1551-6776-19-1-49-b10","series-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm","first-page":"1458","article-title":"Bumetanide continuous infusion dosing in critically-ill pediatric patients [letter]","volume":"69","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bulkley\n              CF\n            , JohnsonPN, HenryE, \n          et al. Bumetanide continuous infusion dosing in critically-ill pediatric patients [letter]. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2012;69(17):1458\u20131461."},{"key":"i1551-6776-19-1-49-b11","series-title":"Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics","article-title":"Chapter 25. Regulation of renal function and vascular volume","year":"2011","unstructured":"Reilly\n              RF\n            , JacksonEK.\n          Chapter 25. Regulation of renal function and vascular volume. In: ChabnerBA, BruntonLL, KnollmannBC, eds. Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 12th ed.New York: McGraw-Hill; 2011. http:\/\/www.accesspharmacy.com\/content.aspx?aID=16666605. Accessed December 11, 2012."},{"year":"2011","series-title":"Edecrin [package insert]","key":"i1551-6776-19-1-49-b12","unstructured":"Edecrin [package insert]. Bridgewater, NJ: Aton Pharma, Inc; 2011."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1551-6776-19-1-49-b13","series-title":"Pediatrics","first-page":"291","article-title":"The use of ethacrynic acid in infants and children with congestive heart failure","volume":"42","year":"1968","unstructured":"Sparrow\n              AW\n            , FriedbergDZ, NadasAS.\n          The use of ethacrynic acid in infants and children with congestive heart failure. Pediatrics. 1968;42(2):291\u2013302."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1551-6776-19-1-49-b14","series-title":"J Pediatr","first-page":"947","article-title":"Effects of ethacrynic acid in the newborn infant","volume":"104","year":"1984","unstructured":"Scalais\n              E\n            , PapageorgiouA, ArandaJV.\n          Effects of ethacrynic acid in the newborn infant. J Pediatr. 1984;104(6):947\u2013950."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1551-6776-19-1-49-b15","series-title":"Pediatrics","first-page":"447","article-title":"The use and mode of action of ethacrynic acid in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus","volume":"37","year":"1966","unstructured":"Brown\n              DM\n            , ReynoldsJW, AlfredFM, UlstromRA.\n          The use and mode of action of ethacrynic acid in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Pediatrics. 1966;37(3):447\u2013455."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1551-6776-19-1-49-b16","series-title":"J Pediatr","first-page":"881","article-title":"Ethacrynic acid in edematous states in children","volume":"71","year":"1967","unstructured":"James\n              JA.\n            \n          \n          Ethacrynic acid in edematous states in children. J Pediatr. 1967;71(6):881\u2013886."},{"key":"i1551-6776-19-1-49-b17","series-title":"Pediatric and neonatal dosage handbook","article-title":"Ethacrynic acid","year":"2013","unstructured":"Taketomo\n              CK\n            , HoddingJH, KrausDM.\n          Ethacrynic acid. Pediatric and neonatal dosage handbook, 20th ed.Hudson, Ohio, Lexi-Comp, Inc.; 2013."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1551-6776-19-1-49-b18","series-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am","first-page":"571","article-title":"The use of plasma creatinine concentration for estimating glomerular filtration rate in infants, children, and adolescent","volume":"34","year":"1987","unstructured":"Schwartz\n              GJ\n            , BrionLP, SpitzerA.\n          The use of plasma creatinine concentration for estimating glomerular filtration rate in infants, children, and adolescent. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1987;34(3):571\u2013590."},{"year":"2007","series-title":"Stata statistical software. Version 10","key":"i1551-6776-19-1-49-b19","unstructured":"StataCorp. Stata statistical software. Version 10. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP; 2007."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1551-6776-19-1-49-b20","series-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther","first-page":"75","article-title":"Pharmacodyamic modeling of furosemide tolerance after multiple intravenous administration","volume":"60","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wakelkamp\n              M\n            , AlvanG, GabrielssonJ, PaintaudG.\n          Pharmacodyamic modeling of furosemide tolerance after multiple intravenous administration. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1996;60(1):75\u201388."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jppt.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/jppt\/19\/1\/article-p49.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jppt\/article-pdf\/19\/1\/49\/1786349\/1551-6776-19_1_49.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jppt.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jppt\/19\/1\/article-p49.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jppt.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jppt\/19\/1\/article-p49.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:41:30Z","timestamp":1747356090000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jppt.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/jppt\/19\/1\/article-p49.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5863\/1551-6776-19.1.49","relation":{},"ISSN":["1551-6776"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1551-6776"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}}}