{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T16:12:04Z","timestamp":1785255124945,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"The Pediatric Pharmacy Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVES<\/jats:bold> This study describes outcomes of intravenous (IV) analgesics and sedatives for bedside intravitreal bevacizumab injections for retinopathy of prematurity.<\/jats:p>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:bold> This retrospective study included infants receiving intravitreal bevacizumab injections between January 2012 and May 2016. Infants were excluded if bevacizumab was administered under general anesthesia or for incomplete records. Data collection included demographics, sedation and analgesia regimen, and cardiopulmonary adverse events (AEs). The primary objective was to identify the median doses of the IV analgesics and sedatives. The secondary objectives included the number of patients with cardiopulmonary AEs and those with procedure success, defined as procedure completion without interruption and absence of interventions.<\/jats:p>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:bold> Fifteen infants were included. Fourteen (93.3%) were initiated on a fentanyl infusion at a median of 2 mcg\/kg\/hr (IQR, 2\u20133.6), and 12 (80%) received midazolam infusions at a median of 0.06 mg\/kg\/hr. All patients received at least 1 IV neuromuscular blocker dose just prior to the procedure. Only 2 patients (13.3%) required an increase in their fentanyl or midazolam infusions. Procedure success was achieved in 13 patients (86.7%). Five patients (33.3%) experienced 1 cardiopulmonary AE. One patient (6.7%) had a delay in the procedure, and 1 patient (6.7%) required naloxone. Despite this, the procedure was completed in all patients.<\/jats:p>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:bold> Most received fentanyl and midazolam infusions with a dose of vecuronium just prior to the procedure. Thirteen (86.7%) met the criteria for procedure success. One-third experienced a cardiopulmonary AE. Future studies are needed to identify the optimal agents and route of administration for this procedure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5863\/1551-6776-23.1.34","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,21]],"date-time":"2018-02-21T19:10:59Z","timestamp":1519240259000},"page":"34-40","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sedation Protocol During Bevacizumab Intravitreal Injection in Preterm Infants With Retinopathy of Prematurity"],"prefix":"10.5863","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Jamie L.","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter N.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kari","family":"Harkey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Michael","family":"Siatkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3883","reference":[{"key":"i1551-6776-23-1-34-b1","series-title":"Health information. Facts about retinopathy of prematurity [Internet]","year":"2014","unstructured":"National Eye Institute. \n Health information. Facts about retinopathy of prematurity [Internet]. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health; June2014. https:\/\/nei.nih.gov\/health\/rop\/rop. Accessed November 19, 2017."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1551-6776-23-1-34-b2","series-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol","first-page":"546","article-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity: a nationwide survey to evaluate current practices and preferences of ophthalmologists","volume":"23","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sekeroglu\n M\n , HekimogluE, SekerogluH, \n et al. Retinopathy of prematurity: a nationwide survey to evaluate current practices and preferences of ophthalmologists. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2013;23(4):546\u2013552."},{"issue":"17","key":"i1551-6776-23-1-34-b3","series-title":"New Engl J Med","first-page":"603","article-title":"Efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab for stage 3+ retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"364","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mintz-Hittner\n HA\n , KennedyKA, ChuangAZ; BEAT-ROP Cooperative Group. \n Efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab for stage 3+ retinopathy of prematurity. New Engl J Med. 2011;364(17):603\u2013615."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1551-6776-23-1-34-b4","series-title":"Acta Opthalmol","first-page":"e417","article-title":"Efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab for zone-II retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"94","year":"2016","unstructured":"Karkhaneh\n R\n , KhodabandeA, Riazi-EafahaniM, \n et al. Efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab for zone-II retinopathy of prematurity. Acta Opthalmol. 2016;94(6):e417\u2013e420."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1551-6776-23-1-34-b5","series-title":"Ophthalmology","first-page":"1008","article-title":"Outcomes after intravitreal bevacizumab versus laser photocoagulation for retinopathy of prematurity: a 5-year retrospective analysis","volume":"122","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hwang\n CK\n , HubbardGB, HutchinsonAK, \n et al. Outcomes after intravitreal bevacizumab versus laser photocoagulation for retinopathy of prematurity: a 5-year retrospective analysis. Ophthalmology. 2015;122(5):1008\u20131015."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1551-6776-23-1-34-b6","series-title":"J AAPOS","first-page":"140","article-title":"Treatment of type 1 retinopathy of prematurity with bevacizumab versus laser","volume":"19","year":"2015","unstructured":"Isaac\n M\n , MireskandariK, TehraniN.\n Treatment of type 1 retinopathy of prematurity with bevacizumab versus laser. J AAPOS. 2015;19(2):140\u2013144."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1551-6776-23-1-34-b7","series-title":"Grafes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol","first-page":"491","article-title":"Pain assessment in premature infnats treated with intravitreal anti-angiogenic therapy for retinopathy of prematurity under topical anesthesia","volume":"251","year":"2013","unstructured":"Castellanos\n MAM\n , SchwartzS, LealR, \n et al. Pain assessment in premature infnats treated with intravitreal anti-angiogenic therapy for retinopathy of prematurity under topical anesthesia. Grafes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2013;251(2):491\u2013494."},{"key":"i1551-6776-23-1-34-b8","series-title":"BioMed Res Int","article-title":"Inhalation anesthesia with sevoflurance during intravitreal bevacizumab injection in infants with retinopathy of prematurity [online]","volume":"2013","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tokgoz\n O\n , SahinA, TufekA, \n et al. Inhalation anesthesia with sevoflurance during intravitreal bevacizumab injection in infants with retinopathy of prematurity [online]. BioMed Res Int. 2013;2013:435387. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3690215\/pdf\/BMRI2013-435387.pdf. Accessed November 19, 2017."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1551-6776-23-1-34-b9","series-title":"Retina","first-page":"535","article-title":"Randomized trial of anesthetic methods for intravitreal injections","volume":"31","year":"2011","unstructured":"Blaha\n GR\n , TiltonEP, BarouchFC, \n et al. Randomized trial of anesthetic methods for intravitreal injections. Retina. 2011;31(3):535\u2013539."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1551-6776-23-1-34-b10","series-title":"J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther","first-page":"299","article-title":"Assessment of outcomes with a sedation protocol during laser surgery in preterm infants with retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"21","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dannelley\n J\n , JohnsonPN, AndersonMP, \n et al. Assessment of outcomes with a sedation protocol during laser surgery in preterm infants with retinopathy of prematurity. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2016;21(3):299."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1551-6776-23-1-34-b11","series-title":"Pediatrics","first-page":"e476","article-title":"Long-term differences in language and cognitive function after childhood exposure to anesthesia","volume":"130","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ing\n C\n , DiMaggioC, WhitehouseA, \n et al. Long-term differences in language and cognitive function after childhood exposure to anesthesia. Pediatrics. 2012;130(3):e476\u2013e485."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1551-6776-23-1-34-b12","series-title":"J Perinatol","first-page":"529","article-title":"Sedation management during laser surgery for retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"27","year":"2007","unstructured":"Spector\n J\n , YonkerL, BednarekF.\n Sedation management during laser surgery for retinopathy of prematurity. J Perinatol. 2007;27(8):529."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jppt.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/jppt\/23\/1\/article-p34.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jppt\/article-pdf\/23\/1\/34\/1782686\/1551-6776-23_1_34.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jppt.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jppt\/23\/1\/article-p34.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jppt.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jppt\/23\/1\/article-p34.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:34:25Z","timestamp":1747355665000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jppt.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/jppt\/23\/1\/article-p34.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5863\/1551-6776-23.1.34","relation":{},"ISSN":["1551-6776"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1551-6776","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}}}