{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T17:13:43Z","timestamp":1763572423619,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"The Pediatric Pharmacy Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:bold> The aim of this study was to evaluate the timing and dosing of caffeine therapy in relation to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).<\/jats:p>\n        <jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>METHODS<\/jats:bold> This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study comparing early (days of life 0\u20132) to late (day of life 3 or greater) caffeine initiation in extremely low birth weight neonates, with a secondary analysis of large (10 mg\/kg\/day) to small dose (5 mg\/kg\/day) caffeine.<\/jats:p>\n        <jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>RESULTS<\/jats:bold> There were 138 patients in the primary timing analysis. The early caffeine group had a lower incidence and reduced odds of the composite outcome of BPD or all-cause mortality, compared with the late caffeine group (64% vs. 88%, respectively; adjusted p &lt; 0.05; adjusted OR 0.36 [95% CI 0.13\u20130.98]). No statistically significant difference was found between dosing groups (p = 0.29) in the primary outcome; however, there was a lower rate of patent ductus arteriosus requiring treatment (p = 0.05) and decreased likelihood of discharging home on oxygen (p = 0.02) in the large-dose group compared with the small-dose group.<\/jats:p>\n        <jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:bold> Early caffeine initiation significantly decreased the incidence of BPD or all-cause mortality in extremely low birth weight neonates. Patients receiving large-dose caffeine had improved secondary outcomes, although no difference in BPD was noted. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal dosing of caffeine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5863\/1551-6776-23.2.139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]],"date-time":"2018-04-25T15:12:53Z","timestamp":1524669173000},"page":"139-145","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Evaluation of Timing and Dosing of Caffeine Citrate in Preterm Neonates for the Prevention of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia"],"prefix":"10.5863","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Eleni E.","family":"Shenk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah S.","family":"Bondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew M.","family":"Pellerite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sudhir","family":"Sriram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3883","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"i1551-6776-23-2-139-b1","series-title":"Pediatr Rev","first-page":"255","article-title":"Bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"33","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kair\n              LR\n            , LeonardDT, AndersonJM.\n          Bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatr Rev. 2012;33(6):255\u2013263."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1551-6776-23-2-139-b2","series-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","article-title":"Caffeine versus theophylline for apnea in preterm infants","year":"2010","unstructured":"Henderson-Smart\n              DJ\n            , SteerPA.\n          Caffeine versus theophylline for apnea in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(1):CD000273."},{"issue":"20","key":"i1551-6776-23-2-139-b3","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"2112","article-title":"Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity","volume":"354","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schmidt\n              B\n            , RobertsRS, DavisP, \n          et al. Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(20):2112\u20132121."},{"issue":"19","key":"i1551-6776-23-2-139-b4","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"1893","article-title":"Long-term effects of caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity","volume":"357","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schmidt\n              B\n            , RobertsRS, DavisP, \n          et al. Long-term effects of caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(19):1893\u20131902."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1551-6776-23-2-139-b5","series-title":"JAMA Pediatr","first-page":"33","article-title":"Association of early caffeine administration and neonatal outcomes in very preterm neonates","volume":"169","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lodha\n              A\n            , SeshiaM, McmillanDD, \n          et al. Association of early caffeine administration and neonatal outcomes in very preterm neonates. JAMA Pediatr. 2015;169(1):33\u201338."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1551-6776-23-2-139-b6","series-title":"J Perinatol","first-page":"134","article-title":"Early caffeine therapy and clinical outcomes in extremely preterm infants","volume":"33","year":"2013","unstructured":"Patel\n              RM\n            , LeongT, CarltonDP, \n          et al. Early caffeine therapy and clinical outcomes in extremely preterm infants. J Perinatol. 2013;33(2):134\u2013140."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1551-6776-23-2-139-b7","series-title":"J Pediatr","first-page":"992e3","article-title":"Trends in caffeine use and association between clinical outcomes and timing of therapy in very low birth weight infants","volume":"164","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dobson\n              NR\n            , PatelRM, SmithPB, \n          et al. Trends in caffeine use and association between clinical outcomes and timing of therapy in very low birth weight infants. J Pediatr. 2014;164(5):992e3\u2013998e3."},{"issue":"16","key":"i1551-6776-23-2-139-b8","series-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med","first-page":"1698","article-title":"Early caffeine therapy for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants","volume":"27","year":"2014","unstructured":"Taha\n              D\n            , KirkbyS, NawabU, \n          et al. Early caffeine therapy for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2014;27(16):1698\u20131702."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1551-6776-23-2-139-b9","series-title":"J Perinatol","first-page":"434","article-title":"Serum caffeine concentrations and short-term outcomes in premature infants of \u226429 weeks of gestation","volume":"35","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alur\n              P\n            , BollampalliV, BellT, \n          et al. Serum caffeine concentrations and short-term outcomes in premature infants of \u226429 weeks of gestation. J Perinatol. 2015;35(6):434\u2013438."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1551-6776-23-2-139-b10","series-title":"Eur J Pediatr","first-page":"949","article-title":"High versus low-dose caffeine for apnea of prematurity: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"174","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mohammed\n              S\n            , NourI, ShabaanAE, \n          et al. High versus low-dose caffeine for apnea of prematurity: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Pediatr. 2015;174(7):949\u2013956."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1551-6776-23-2-139-b11","series-title":"J Paediatr Child Health","first-page":"511","article-title":"Periextubation caffeine in preterm neonates: a randomized dose response trial","volume":"39","year":"2003","unstructured":"Steer\n              PA\n            , FlenadyVJ, ShearmanA, \n          et al. Periextubation caffeine in preterm neonates: a randomized dose response trial. J Paediatr Child Health. 2003;39(7):511\u2013515."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1551-6776-23-2-139-b12","series-title":"Biol Neonate","first-page":"133","article-title":"Renal effects of caffeine in preterm infants","volume":"58","year":"1990","unstructured":"Gillot\n              I\n            , GouyonJB, GuignardJP.\n          Renal effects of caffeine in preterm infants. Biol Neonate. 1990; 58(3): 133\u2013136."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1551-6776-23-2-139-b13","series-title":"J Perinatol","first-page":"205","article-title":"Acute hemodynamic effects of caffeine administration in premature infants","volume":"29","year":"2009","unstructured":"Soloveychik\n              V\n            , Bin-NunA, IonchevA, \n          et al. Acute hemodynamic effects of caffeine administration in premature infants. J Perinatol. 2009; 29(3): 205\u2013208."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jppt.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/jppt\/23\/2\/article-p139.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jppt\/article-pdf\/23\/2\/139\/1719232\/1551-6776-23_2_139.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jppt.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jppt\/23\/2\/article-p139.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jppt.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jppt\/23\/2\/article-p139.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:35:15Z","timestamp":1747355715000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jppt.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/jppt\/23\/2\/article-p139.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5863\/1551-6776-23.2.139","relation":{},"ISSN":["1551-6776"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1551-6776"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}}}