{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T17:48:36Z","timestamp":1758476916186,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"The Pediatric Pharmacy Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>OBJECTIVES<\/jats:bold> Use of lidocaine as part of a multimodal approach to postoperative pain management has increased in adults; however, limited information is available regarding safety and tolerability in pediatrics. This study's primary objective was to evaluate the incidence of adverse effects related to lidocaine infusions in a sample of pediatric patients.<\/jats:p>\n        <jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>METHODS<\/jats:bold> A retrospective analysis was conducted in pediatric patients receiving lidocaine infusion for the management of postoperative analgesia at the University of Virginia Health System.<\/jats:p>\n        <jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>RESULTS<\/jats:bold> A total of 50 patients with 51 infusions were included in the final analysis. The median patient age was 14 years (range, 2\u201317 years). The most frequent surgeries were spinal fusion (30%), Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum (16%), and nephrectomy (6%). The mean \u00b1 SD starting rate was 13.6 \u00b1 6.5 mcg\/kg\/min. The mean infusion rate during administration was 15.2 \u00b1 6.3 mcg\/kg\/min, with 14.4 \u00b1 6.2 mcg\/kg\/min at discontinuation. The mean length of therapy was 30.6 \u00b1 22 hours. A total of 12 infusions (24%) were associated with adverse effects, primarily neurologic ones, including paresthesias in the upper extremities (10%) and visual disturbances (4%). The average time to onset was 16.2 \u00b1 15.2 hours. Seven infusions were discontinued, whereas the remaining infusions resulted in either dose reduction or continuation without further incident. No patients experienced toxicity requiring treatment with lipid emulsion.<\/jats:p>\n        <jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:bold> In this sample, lidocaine was a well-tolerated addition to multimodal postoperative pain management in the pediatric population. Although adverse effects were common, they were mild and resolved with either dose reduction or discontinuation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5863\/1551-6776-24.1.34","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T18:43:51Z","timestamp":1551465831000},"page":"34-38","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Safety and Tolerability of Lidocaine Infusions as a Component of Multimodal Postoperative Analgesia in Children"],"prefix":"10.5863","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Katherine","family":"Lemming","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcia L.","family":"Buck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3883","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"i1551-6776-24-1-34-b1","series-title":"Anesth Analg","first-page":"534","article-title":"Postoperative pain experience: results from a national survey suggest postoperative pain continues to be undermanaged","volume":"97","year":"2003","unstructured":"Apfelbaum\n              J\n            , ChenC, MehtaS, \n          et al. Postoperative pain experience: results from a national survey suggest postoperative pain continues to be undermanaged. Anesth Analg. 2003;97(2):534\u2013540."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1551-6776-24-1-34-b2","series-title":"J Pain","first-page":"131","article-title":"Management of postoperative pain: a clinical practice guideline from the American Pain Society, the American society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists' committee on Regional Anesthesia, Executive Committee, and Administrative Council","volume":"17","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chou\n              R\n            , GordonD, de Leon-CasasolaO, \n          et al. Management of postoperative pain: a clinical practice guideline from the American Pain Society, the American society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists' committee on Regional Anesthesia, Executive Committee, and Administrative Council. J Pain. 2016;17(2):131\u2013157."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1551-6776-24-1-34-b3","series-title":"Clin Colon Rectal Surg","first-page":"191","article-title":"Postoperative pain control","volume":"26","year":"2013","unstructured":"Garimella\n              V\n            , CelliniC. \n          Postoperative pain control. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2013;26(3):191\u2013196."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1551-6776-24-1-34-b4","series-title":"Am Fam Physician","first-page":"1347","article-title":"Management of common opioid-induced adverse effects","volume":"74","year":"2006","unstructured":"Swegle\n              JM\n            , LogemannC. \n          Management of common opioid-induced adverse effects. Am Fam Physician. 2006;74(8):1347\u20131354."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1551-6776-24-1-34-b5","series-title":"Drugs","first-page":"1149","article-title":"Impact of intravenous lidocaine infusion on postoperative analgesia and recovery from surgery","volume":"70","year":"2010","unstructured":"McCarthy\n              GC\n            , MegallaSA, HabibAS. \n          Impact of intravenous lidocaine infusion on postoperative analgesia and recovery from surgery. Drugs. 2010;70(9):1149\u20131163."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1551-6776-24-1-34-b6","series-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","first-page":"CD009642","article-title":"Continuous intravenous perioperative lidocaine infusion for postoperative pain and recovery","volume":"16","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kranke\n              P\n            , JokinenJ, PaceN, \n          et al. Continuous intravenous perioperative lidocaine infusion for postoperative pain and recovery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;16(7):CD009642."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1551-6776-24-1-34-b7","series-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer","first-page":"1168","article-title":"Continuous infusions to manage opioid-refractory pain in a series of cancer patients in a pediatric hospital","volume":"63","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gibbons\n              K\n            , DeMonbrunA, BeckmanE, \n          et al. Continuous infusions to manage opioid-refractory pain in a series of cancer patients in a pediatric hospital. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2016;63(7):1168\u20131174."},{"article-title":"LipidRescue\u2122 Resucitation: 20% lipid emulsion for rescue from drug toxicity","year":"2012","key":"i1551-6776-24-1-34-b8","unstructured":"Weinberg\n              G\n            , PicardJ, MeekT, \n          et al. LipidRescue\u2122 Resucitation: 20% lipid emulsion for rescue from drug toxicity. 2012. http:\/\/www.lipidrescue.org\/. Accessed November 19, 2018."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1551-6776-24-1-34-b9","series-title":"Pain Med","first-page":"820","article-title":"Safety, tolerability, and short-term efficacy of intravenous lidocaine infusions for the treatment of chronic pain in adolescents and young adults: a preliminary report","volume":"15","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mooney\n              J\n            , PagelPS, KunduA. \n          Safety, tolerability, and short-term efficacy of intravenous lidocaine infusions for the treatment of chronic pain in adolescents and young adults: a preliminary report. Pain Med. 2014;15(5):820\u2013825."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jppt.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/jppt\/24\/1\/article-p34.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jppt\/article-pdf\/24\/1\/34\/1785938\/1551-6776-24_1_34.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jppt.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jppt\/24\/1\/article-p34.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jppt.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jppt\/24\/1\/article-p34.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:40:16Z","timestamp":1747356016000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jppt.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/jppt\/24\/1\/article-p34.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5863\/1551-6776-24.1.34","relation":{},"ISSN":["1551-6776"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1551-6776"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}}}