{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T07:37:46Z","timestamp":1767339466447,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"The Pediatric Pharmacy Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Type 1 diabetes mellitus has witnessed significant progress in its management over the past several decades. This review highlights technologic advancements in type 1 diabetes management. Continuous glucose monitoring systems are now available at various functionality and cost levels, addressing diverse patient needs, including a recently US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)\u2013approved implantable continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS). Another dimension to these state-of-the-art technologies is CGMS and insulin pump integration. These integrations have allowed for CGMS-based adjustments to basal insulin delivery rates and suspension of insulin delivery when a low blood glucose event is predicted. This review also includes a brief discussion of upcoming technologies such as patch-based CGMS and insulin-glucagon dual-hormonal delivery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5863\/1551-6776-24.2.99","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,22]],"date-time":"2019-04-22T18:31:02Z","timestamp":1555957862000},"page":"99-106","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Technology for Augmenting Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Management"],"prefix":"10.5863","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Michelle","family":"Condren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samie","family":"Sabet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura J.","family":"Chalmers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taylor","family":"Saley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenna","family":"Hopwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3883","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"i1551-6776-24-2-99-b1","series-title":"Diabetes Care","first-page":"971","article-title":"Current state of type 1 diabetes treatment in the U.S.: updated data from the T1D Exchange clinic registry","volume":"38","year":"2015","unstructured":"Miller\n              KM\n            , BeckR, DeSalvoD, \n          et al. Current state of type 1 diabetes treatment in the U.S.: updated data from the T1D Exchange clinic registry. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(6):971\u2013978."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1551-6776-24-2-99-b2","series-title":"Pediatr Diabetes","first-page":"92","article-title":"Schooling diabetes: use of continuous glucose monitoring and remote monitors in the home and school settings","volume":"19","year":"2018","unstructured":"Erie\n              E\n            , Van NameMA, WeymanK, \n          et al. Schooling diabetes: use of continuous glucose monitoring and remote monitors in the home and school settings. Pediatr Diabetes. 2018;19(1):92\u201397."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1551-6776-24-2-99-b3","series-title":"Diabetes Care","first-page":"2009","article-title":"Evidence of a strong association between frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c levels in T1D exchange clinic registry participants","volume":"36","year":"2013","unstructured":"Miller\n              KM\n            , BeckRW, BergenstalRM, \n          et al. Evidence of a strong association between frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c levels in T1D exchange clinic registry participants. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(7):2009\u20132014."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1551-6776-24-2-99-b4","series-title":"Diabetes Care","first-page":"1947","article-title":"Factors predictive of use and of benefit from continuous glucose monitoring in type 1 diabetes","volume":"32","year":"2009","unstructured":"Beck\n              RW\n            , BuckinghamB, MillerK, \n          et al. Factors predictive of use and of benefit from continuous glucose monitoring in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(11):1947\u20131953."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1551-6776-24-2-99-b5","series-title":"Diabetes Care","first-page":"1378","article-title":"The effect of continuous glucose monitoring in well-controlled type 1 diabetes","volume":"32","year":"2009","unstructured":"Beck\n              RW\n            , HirschIB, LaffelL, \n          et al. The effect of continuous glucose monitoring in well-controlled type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(8):1378\u20131383."},{"issue":"14","key":"i1551-6776-24-2-99-b6","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"1464","article-title":"Continuous glucose monitoring and intensive treatment of type 1 diabetes","volume":"359","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tamborlane\n              WV\n            , BeckRW, BodeBW, \n          et al. Continuous glucose monitoring and intensive treatment of type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(14):1464\u20131476."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1551-6776-24-2-99-b7","series-title":"Diabetes Care","first-page":"1631","article-title":"International consensus on use of continuous glucose monitoring","volume":"40","year":"2017","unstructured":"Danne\n              T\n            , NimriR, BattelinoB, \n          et al. International consensus on use of continuous glucose monitoring. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(12):1631\u20131640."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1551-6776-24-2-99-b8","series-title":"Endocr Pract","first-page":"1008","article-title":"Continuous glucose monitoring: a consensus conference of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology","volume":"22","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fonseca\n              VA\n            , GrunbergerG, AnhaltH, \n          et al. Continuous glucose monitoring: a consensus conference of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology. Endocr Pract. 2016;22(8):1008\u20131021."},{"key":"i1551-6776-24-2-99-b9","unstructured":"Diabetes Forecast. Continuous glucose monitors and their features. http:\/\/main.diabetes.org\/dforg\/pdfs\/2018\/2018-cg-continuous-glucose-monitors.pdf. Accessed March 20, 2018.","article-title":"Diabetes Forecast. Continuous glucose monitors and their features"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1551-6776-24-2-99-b10","series-title":"Arch Dis Child","first-page":"1","article-title":"An alternative sensor-based method for glucose monitoring in children and young people with diabetes","volume":"102","year":"2017","unstructured":"Edge\n              J\n            , AceriniC, CampbellF, \n          et al. An alternative sensor-based method for glucose monitoring in children and young people with diabetes. Arch Dis Child. 2017;102(6):1\u20137."},{"key":"i1551-6776-24-2-99-b11","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"2254","article-title":"Novel glucose sensing technology and hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes: a multicenter, non-masked, randomized controlled trial","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bolinder\n              J\n            , AntunaR, Geelhoed-DuijvestijnP, \n          et al. Novel glucose sensing technology and hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes: a multicenter, non-masked, randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 2016:2254\u20132263."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1551-6776-24-2-99-b12","series-title":"Diabetes Ther","first-page":"55","article-title":"Flash glucose-sensing technology as a replacement for blood glucose monitoring for the management of insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: a multicenter, open-label randomized controlled trial","volume":"8","year":"2017","unstructured":"Haak\n              T\n            , HanaireH, AjjanR, \n          et al. Flash glucose-sensing technology as a replacement for blood glucose monitoring for the management of insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: a multicenter, open-label randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Ther. 2017;8(1):55\u201373."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1551-6776-24-2-99-b13","series-title":"Endocrine","first-page":"77","article-title":"Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections in individuals with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"55","year":"2017","unstructured":"Benkhadra\n              K\n            , AlahdabF, TamhaneS, \n          et al. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections in individuals with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocrine. 2017;55(1):77\u201384."},{"key":"i1551-6776-24-2-99-b14","unstructured":"Diabetes Forecast. Insulin pumps and their features. http:\/\/main.diabetes.org\/dforg\/pdfs\/2018\/2018-cg-insulin-pumps.pdf. 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JAMA. 2016;388(13):2254\u20132263."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1551-6776-24-2-99-b17","series-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther","first-page":"155","article-title":"Glucose outcomes with the in-home use of a hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery system in adolescents and adults with type 1 diabetes","volume":"19","year":"2017","unstructured":"Garg\n              SK\n            , WeinzimerSA, TamborlaneWV, \n          et al. Glucose outcomes with the in-home use of a hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery system in adolescents and adults with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2017;19(3):155\u2013163."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1551-6776-24-2-99-b18","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"1701","article-title":"Autonomous and continuous adaptation of a bihormonal bionic pancreas in adults and adolescents with type 1 diabetes","volume":"99","year":"2014","unstructured":"El-Khatib\n              FH\n            , RussellSJ, MagyarKL, \n          et al. 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Pediatr Diabetes. 2018;19(suppl 27):302\u2013325."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jppt.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/jppt\/24\/2\/article-p99.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jppt\/article-pdf\/24\/2\/99\/2467094\/1551-6776-24_2_99.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jppt.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jppt\/24\/2\/article-p99.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jppt.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jppt\/24\/2\/article-p99.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:41:52Z","timestamp":1747356112000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jppt.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/jppt\/24\/2\/article-p99.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5863\/1551-6776-24.2.99","relation":{},"ISSN":["1551-6776"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1551-6776"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}}}