{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T03:19:13Z","timestamp":1764645553749,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"The Pediatric Pharmacy Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n Preterm infants often require caffeine for the treatment of apnea. While the maintenance dose of caffeine citrate is usually administered once daily per FDA labeling, many providers administer the maintenance dose in two divided doses. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a twice daily dosing regimen of caffeine for apnea of prematurity.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n This was a retrospective analysis conducted from 2013\u20132018 that included preterm infants who received caffeine that was dosed both once and twice daily respectively. The primary outcome of our study was a composite of the number of apneic and bradycardic events for five 24-hour periods prior to switching to twice daily dosing of caffeine and five 24-hour periods after switching to twice daily dosing of caffeine.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n The median five-day average incidence of apnea and bradycardia during the once and twice daily dosing periods was 6.2 events and 6.4 events respectively (p=0.09).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n There is little benefit of twice daily dosing of caffeine for apnea of prematurity.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5863\/1551-6776-26.3.253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T21:59:17Z","timestamp":1617227957000},"page":"253-257","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["An Evaluation of Twice-Daily Dosing of Caffeine for Apnea of Prematurity"],"prefix":"10.5863","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Aubrey","family":"Rebentisch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Kovey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheri","family":"Denslow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3883","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"i1551-6776-26-3-253-b1","series-title":"J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther","first-page":"45","article-title":"Apnea of prematurity: caffeine dose optimization","volume":"18","year":"2013","unstructured":"Francart\n SJ,\n \n \n Allen\n MK,\n \n \n Stegall-Zanation\n J.\n \n \n Apnea of prematurity: caffeine dose optimization.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Pediatr Pharmacol Ther.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t18(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t45\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t52."},{"key":"i1551-6776-26-3-253-b2","series-title":"J Pediatr","first-page":"50","article-title":"Caffeine citrate dosing adjustments to assure stable caffeine concentrations in preterm neonates","volume":"191","year":"2017","unstructured":"Koch\n G,\n \n \n Datta\n AN,\n \n \n Jost\n K,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tCaffeine citrate dosing adjustments to assure stable caffeine concentrations in preterm neonates.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Pediatr.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t191:\n\t\t\t\t\t50\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t56."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1551-6776-26-3-253-b3","series-title":"J. Perinatol","first-page":"141","article-title":"Apnea of prematurity and caffeine pharmacokinetics: potential impact on hospital discharge","volume":"36","year":"2016","unstructured":"Doyle\n J,\n \n \n Davidson\n D,\n \n \n Katz\n S,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tApnea of prematurity and caffeine pharmacokinetics: potential impact on hospital discharge.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ. Perinatol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t36(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t141\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t144."},{"article-title":"Caffeine Citrate [package insert]","year":"2000","key":"i1551-6776-26-3-253-b4","unstructured":"Caffeine Citrate [package insert].\n\t\t\t\t\tColumbus, OH:\n\t\t\t\t\tRoxane Laboratories;\n\t\t\t\t\t2000."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1551-6776-26-3-253-b5","series-title":"Eur J Pediatr","first-page":"949","article-title":"High versus low-dose caffeine for apnea of prematurity: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"174","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mohammed\n S,\n \n \n Nour\n I,\n \n \n Shabaan\n AE,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tHigh versus low-dose caffeine for apnea of prematurity: a randomized controlled trial.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Pediatr.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t174(\n\t\t\t\t\t7):\n\t\t\t\t\t949\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t956."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1551-6776-26-3-253-b6","series-title":"Ther Drug Monit","first-page":"709","article-title":"Caffeine citrate treatment for extremely premature infants with apnea: population pharmacokinetics, absolute bioavailability, and implications for therapeutic drug monitoring","volume":"30","year":"2008","unstructured":"Charles\n B,\n \n \n Townsend\n S,\n \n \n Steer\n P,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tCaffeine citrate treatment for extremely premature infants with apnea: population pharmacokinetics, absolute bioavailability, and implications for therapeutic drug monitoring.\n\t\t\t\t\tTher Drug Monit.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t30(\n\t\t\t\t\t6):\n\t\t\t\t\t709\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t716."},{"issue":"6957","key":"i1551-6776-26-3-253-b7","series-title":"BMJ","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.309.6957.780","article-title":"Some examples of regression towards the mean","volume":"309","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bland\n JM,\n \n \n Altman\n DG.\n \n \n Some examples of regression towards the mean.\n\t\t\t\t\tBMJ.\n\t\t\t\t\t1994;\n\t\t\t\t\t309(\n\t\t\t\t\t6957):\n\t\t\t\t\t780.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.1136\/bmj.309.6957.780"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jppt.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/jppt\/26\/3\/article-p253.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jppt\/article-pdf\/26\/3\/253\/2801632\/i1551-6776-26-3-253.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jppt.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jppt\/26\/3\/article-p253.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jppt.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jppt\/26\/3\/article-p253.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:42:38Z","timestamp":1747356158000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jppt.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/jppt\/26\/3\/article-p253.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5863\/1551-6776-26.3.253","relation":{},"ISSN":["1551-6776"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1551-6776"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}}}