{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T23:05:35Z","timestamp":1781651135310,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"The Pediatric Pharmacy Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>With significant increases noted in adolescent marijuana use across the United States, perhaps as a result of legislative changes over the past half-decade, clinicians must be increasingly aware of the potential negative health effects. One such effect that warrants concern is cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) in the pediatric population. A systematic review of the literature was performed to determine the safety and efficacy of management strategies for CHS using PubMed, Scopus, the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases. Search terms used in each database were \u201cpediatric OR child OR children OR adolescent\u201d AND \u201ccannabinoid OR marijuana\u201d AND \u201chyperemesis OR cyclic vomiting OR vomiting\u201d NOT \u201cseizure OR chemotherapy OR pregnancy OR cancer OR AIDS OR HIV.\u201d Fourteen pieces of literature that described either effective, ineffective, or supportive management strategies for pediatric CHS were included in this review. Benzodiazepines were the most reported efficacious agents, followed by topical capsaicin cream and haloperidol. A total of 9 of the 14 studies described intravenous fluid resuscitation and hot bathing rituals as supportive measures, and 7 cases reported traditional antiemetics were ineffective for CHS. The heterogenicity of reported data, combined with the limited number of encounters, make it difficult to ascertain whether a definitive treatment strategy exists. Clinicians should be cognizant of pharmacotherapy agents that are efficacious, and perhaps more importantly, avoid using traditional antiemetic therapies that do not provide benefit.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5863\/1551-6776-26.4.339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]],"date-time":"2021-05-19T18:14:05Z","timestamp":1621448045000},"page":"339-345","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Management of Pediatric Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome: A Review"],"prefix":"10.5863","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Justin P.","family":"Reinert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O'Neill","family":"Niyamugabo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiersi S.","family":"Harmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norman E.","family":"Fenn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3883","reference":[{"key":"i1551-6776-26-4-339-b1","article-title":"State marijuana laws. Accessed January 24, 2020","unstructured":"State marijuana laws. Accessed January 24, 2020.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/www.governing.com\/gov-data\/safety-justice\/state-marijuana-laws-map-medical-recreational.html"},{"key":"i1551-6776-26-4-339-b2","article-title":"The relationship between marijuana use and cyclic vomiting syndrome. University of Arizona College of Public Health. Guidance document for the Arizona Department of Health Services. 2013","unstructured":"Campos-Outcalt\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Janousek\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Rosales\n              C.\n            \n          \n          The relationship between marijuana use and cyclic vomiting syndrome. University of Arizona College of Public Health. Guidance document for the Arizona Department of Health Services. 2013.\n\t\t\t\t\tAccessed 24 January 2020. https:\/\/azdhs.gov\/documents\/licensing\/medical-marijuana\/debilitating\/cyclic-vomiting-syndrome.pdf"},{"key":"i1551-6776-26-4-339-b3","article-title":"National Institute on Drug Abuse. Monitoring the Future survey: trends in prevalence of various drugs. 2019","unstructured":"National Institute on Drug Abuse. Monitoring the Future survey: trends in prevalence of various drugs. 2019.\n\t\t\t\t\tAccessed 24 January 2020. https:\/\/www.drugabuse.gov\/trends-statistics\/monitoring-future\/monitoring-future-study-trends-in-prevalence-various-drugs"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1551-6776-26-4-339-b4","series-title":"Acad Emerg Med","first-page":"694","article-title":"Cyclic vomiting presentations following marijuana liberalization in Colorado","volume":"22","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim\n              HS,\n            \n            \n              Anderson\n              JD,\n            \n            \n              Saghafi\n              O,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tCyclic vomiting presentations following marijuana liberalization in Colorado.\n\t\t\t\t\tAcad Emerg Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t22(\n\t\t\t\t\t6):\n\t\t\t\t\t694\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t699."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1551-6776-26-4-339-b5","series-title":"Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol","first-page":"660","article-title":"The Prevalence of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome among regular marijuana smokers in an urban public hospital","volume":"122","year":"2018","unstructured":"Habboushe\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Rubin\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Liu\n              H,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tThe Prevalence of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome among regular marijuana smokers in an urban public hospital.\n\t\t\t\t\tBasic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t122(\n\t\t\t\t\t6):\n\t\t\t\t\t660\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t662."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"i1551-6776-26-4-339-b6","series-title":"Clin Med Res","first-page":"65","article-title":"Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: a case report and review of pathophysiology","volume":"12","year":"2014","unstructured":"Iacopetti\n              CL,\n            \n            \n              Packer\n              CD.\n           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Proc.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t87(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t114\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t119."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1551-6776-26-4-339-b10","series-title":"Clin Toxicol (Phila)","first-page":"640","article-title":"Trends in types of calls managed by U.S. poison centers 2000\u20132015","volume":"56","year":"2018","unstructured":"Anderson\n              BD,\n            \n            \n              Seung\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Klein-Schwartz\n              W.\n            \n          \n          Trends in types of calls managed by U.S. poison centers 2000\u20132015.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin Toxicol (Phila).\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t56(\n\t\t\t\t\t7):\n\t\t\t\t\t640\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t645."},{"issue":"16","key":"i1551-6776-26-4-339-b11","series-title":"J Physiol (Lond)","first-page":"3397","article-title":"Nicotine and the adolescent brain","volume":"593","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yuan\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Cross\n     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Emerg Med","first-page":"644","article-title":"Synthetic cannabinoid abuse in adolescents: a case series","volume":"49","year":"2015","unstructured":"Besli\n              GE,\n            \n            \n              Ikiz\n              MA,\n            \n            \n              Yildirim\n              S,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tSynthetic cannabinoid abuse in adolescents: a case series.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Emerg Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t49(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t644\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t650."},{"key":"i1551-6776-26-4-339-b14","series-title":"S D Med","first-page":"60","article-title":"Case report of intractable vomiting and abdominal pain related to heavy daily cannabis use","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gammeter\n              WB,\n            \n            \n              Duke\n              KA,\n            \n            \n              Soundy\n              TJ.\n            \n          \n          Case report of intractable vomiting and abdominal pain related to heavy daily cannabis use.\n\t\t\t\t\tS D Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t60\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t63."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1551-6776-26-4-339-b15","series-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)","first-page":"560","article-title":"Recurrent cyclic vomiting in adolescents: can it be cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome?","volume":"55","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sawni\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Vaniawala\n              VP,\n            \n            \n              Good\n              M,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tRecurrent cyclic vomiting in adolescents: can it be cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome?Clin Pediatr (Phila).\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t55(\n\t\t\t\t\t6):\n\t\t\t\t\t560\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t563."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1551-6776-26-4-339-b16","series-title":"Pediatrics","first-page":"1","article-title":"Capsaicin cream for treatment of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome in adolescents: a case series","volume":"140","year":"2017","unstructured":"Graham\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Barberio\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Wang\n              GS.\n            \n          \n          Capsaicin cream for treatment of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome in adolescents: a case series.\n\t\t\t\t\tPediatrics.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t140(\n\t\t\t\t\t6):\n\t\t\t\t\t1\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t4."},{"key":"i1551-6776-26-4-339-b17","series-title":"Case Rep Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3614053","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3614053","article-title":"Successful treatment of suspected cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome using haloperidol in the outpatient setting","volume":"2016","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jones\n              JL,\n            \n            \n              Abernathy\n              KE.\n            \n          \n          Successful treatment of suspected cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome using 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pilot study","volume":"51","year":"2016","unstructured":"P\u00e9lissier\n              F,\n            \n            \n              Claudet\n              I,\n            \n            \n              Gandia-Mailly\n              P,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tCannabis hyperemesis syndrome in the emergency department: how can a specialized addiction team be useful?: a pilot study.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Emerg Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t51(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t544\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t551."},{"key":"i1551-6776-26-4-339-b20","series-title":"Asian J Psychiatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2018.04.013","article-title":"Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: a case report","volume":"34","year":"2018","unstructured":"Manoharan\n              SVR,\n            \n            \n              Aggarwal\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Taneli\n              T.\n            \n          \n          Cannabinoid 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