{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T02:03:37Z","timestamp":1776823417482,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"The Pediatric Pharmacy Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n The aim of our study was to evaluate the frequency, type, and risk factors associated with adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in HIV-positive children with adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) at the Unit of Care and Accompaniment for People Living With HIV (USAC) of Bamako.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n A cross-sectional study was conducted at USAC of Bamako from May 1, 2014, to July 31, 2015. We included children aged 1 to 14 years with at least 6 months of ARV treatment initiated at USAC, with or without ADRs. Data collection was based on information collected from parents and clinical\/biological assessments.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n Median age of participants was 36 months and female sex was predominant (54.8%). Poor adherence during the study was observed in 15% of cases. Of patients in the study, 52% had a CD4 count less than 350 cells\/mm3<\/jats:sup> at the time of adverse events. In bivariate analysis, we found that participants with adherence to ART tended to be younger than those with non-adherence to ART (36 vs 72 months, p = 0.093). In multivariable analysis, prophylactic treatment was the only factor marginally associated with ART adherence in HIV patients (p = 0.09). No other adverse biological effects or clinical conditions were associated with ART adherence in this study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n In this study we found that ADRs were frequent in HIV-positive patients but less frequent in ART-adherent HIV-positive children. Therefore, it is essential to regularly monitor children receiving ARVs to detect and treat the complications associated with these therapies according to ART adherence.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5863\/1551-6776-28.3.197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T01:57:48Z","timestamp":1686189468000},"page":"197-203","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Adverse Drug Reactions to Antiretroviral Therapy: Frequency, Type, and Risk Factors in Children in Mali"],"prefix":"10.5863","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Aboubacar Alassane","family":"Oumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology (AAO, DM, AD, LNS, BT, SDao, SDoumbia), Bamako, Mali"},{"name":"HIV\/TB Research and Training Center (AAO, SC, SDao, SDoumbia), Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alassane","family":"Seydou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Unit (AS), University Hospital Dijon, Dijon France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Souleymane","family":"Fofana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nazi Boni (SF), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zoumana","family":"Diarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Care and Accompaniment for People Living With HIV (ZD) (USAC) CSREF Commune V, Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Djeneba","family":"Mariko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology (AAO, DM, AD, LNS, BT, SDao, SDoumbia), Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdallah","family":"Diallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology (AAO, DM, AD, LNS, BT, SDao, SDoumbia), Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanata","family":"Coulibaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV\/TB Research and Training Center (AAO, SC, SDao, SDoumbia), Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lala N.","family":"Sidibe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology (AAO, DM, AD, LNS, BT, SDao, SDoumbia), Bamako, Mali"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics (LNS, BT), CHU Gabriel Tour\u00e9, Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boubacar","family":"Togo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology (AAO, DM, AD, LNS, BT, SDao, SDoumbia), Bamako, Mali"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics (LNS, BT), CHU Gabriel Tour\u00e9, Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sounkalo","family":"Dao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology (AAO, DM, AD, LNS, BT, SDao, SDoumbia), Bamako, Mali"},{"name":"HIV\/TB Research and Training Center (AAO, SC, SDao, SDoumbia), Bamako, Mali"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases (SDao), CHU Point G, Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seydou","family":"Doumbia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology (AAO, DM, AD, LNS, BT, SDao, SDoumbia), Bamako, Mali"},{"name":"HIV\/TB Research and Training Center (AAO, SC, SDao, SDoumbia), Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul M.","family":"Tulkens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Centre of Clinical Pharmacy (PMT), Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3883","reference":[{"key":"i2331-348X-28-3-197-b1","series-title":"Enqu\u00eate D\u00e9mographique de la Sant\u00e9 au Mali, 2012\u20132013","first-page":"577","volume":"Vol V","year":"2012","unstructured":"Samake\n S,\n \n \n Traor\u00e9\n SM,\n \n \n Ba\n S,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tEnqu\u00eate D\u00e9mographique de la Sant\u00e9 au Mali, 2012\u20132013.\n\t\t\t\t\tIn: CPS, ed.\n\t\t\t\t\tVol V.\n\t\t\t\t\tBamako:\n\t\t\t\t\tICF International;\n\t\t\t\t\t2012:\n\t\t\t\t\t577."},{"issue":"1","key":"i2331-348X-28-3-197-b2","series-title":"HIV Med","first-page":"32","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of first antiretroviral regimen in HIV\/hepatitis C virus co-infection","volume":"7","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cooper\n CL,\n \n \n Breau\n C,\n \n \n Laroche\n A,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tClinical outcomes of first antiretroviral regimen in 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AIDS","first-page":"741","article-title":"Inadequate adherence to antiretroviral treatment and prevention in hospital and community sites in Burkina Faso and Mali: a study by the ATARAO group","volume":"18","year":"2007","unstructured":"Aboubacrine\n SA,\n \n \n Niamba\n P,\n \n \n Boileau\n C,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tInadequate adherence to antiretroviral treatment and prevention in hospital and community sites in Burkina Faso and Mali: a study by the ATARAO group.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J STD AIDS.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t18(\n\t\t\t\t\t11):\n\t\t\t\t\t741\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t747."},{"issue":"1","key":"i2331-348X-28-3-197-b11","series-title":"Int J Pharmacovigil","first-page":"1","article-title":"Adverse drug reactions among patients admitted to Eritrean hospitals: prevalence causes and risk factors: a prospective analysis of 5848 patients","volume":"2","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mulugeta Russom\n DT,\n \n \n Medhanie\n Elias,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tAdverse drug reactions among patients 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French]","volume":"15","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sylla\n M,\n \n \n Dicko-Traore\n F,\n \n \n Oumar\n AA,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tAdherence to antiretroviral medications in children with HIV infection [in French].\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Pediatr.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t15(\n\t\t\t\t\t8):\n\t\t\t\t\t1356\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1357."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and 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