{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T11:05:17Z","timestamp":1768993517939,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"The Pediatric Pharmacy Association","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A risk stratified sedation weaning protocol improved patient outcomes in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). We sought to determine the protocol effect on medication costs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This was a retrospective observational cohort study in an academic tertiary care children\u2019s hospital PICU (2018\u20132020) comparing the cost when weaning benzodiazepine, alpha agonist, and\/or opioid infusions in intubated children &amp;lt;18 years of age.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There were 84 total sedation weaning instances (pre-protocol n = 41 and post-protocol n = 41); 2 patients had 2 encounters, 1 in each phase. The total cost (in 2022 United States Dollars) of sedation weaning was $400,328.87 ($15,994.44\/kg) pre-protocol compared with $170,458.85 ($11,227.52\/kg) post-protocol. The median cost of sedation wean per patient for pre-protocol patients was $3197.42 (IQR: $322.66\u2013$12,643.29) and post-protocol patients was $1851.44 (IQR: $425.05\u2013$5355.85; p = 0.275). A linear regression model estimated the expected cost of sedation wean for post-protocol patients to be $5173.20 lower than for pre-protocol patients of the same weight and overall drug risk (p = 0.036). The proportion of withdrawal symptoms in the pre-protocol patients (16%) was not significantly different from the proportion in the post-protocol patients (14%; p = 0.435).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Implementation of a PICU sedation weaning protocol in a single-center conferred cost benefit without negatively impacting patient outcomes. A larger multicenter study would provide insight to the applicability to PICUs in varied settings with differing patient populations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5863\/1551-6776-29.5.501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T10:52:44Z","timestamp":1728903164000},"page":"501-507","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cost-Benefit Analysis of a Pediatric ICU Sedation Weaning Protocol"],"prefix":"10.5863","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Chiara","family":"Velez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"99 MDG (CV) of the United States Air Force at Nellis Air Force Base, NV"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica J.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatric Critical Care (KB) and Pharmacy (JA), Monroe Carell Jr. Children\u2019s Hospital at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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