{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T07:17:18Z","timestamp":1792048638078,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"The Pediatric Pharmacy Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Two, relatively new and potent, classes of biologicals are interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) inhibitors. As the use of these biologicals in children is more recent, the nature and incidence of adverse effects in the pediatric population are less well known. We systematically reviewed the available literature to elucidate the risks of IL-1 and IL-6 inhibitor use in the pediatric population.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A systematic literature search was conducted including English-language clinical studies of children who received IL-1 or IL-6 inhibitors for therapeutic purposes. Abstracts and full-text screening of manuscripts were carried out by 2 independent reviewers, based on predefined eligibility criteria. Any conflicts between the 2 reviewers were resolved by a third reviewer. Data extracted included characteristics such as intervention (drug, dose, method of administration, frequency), adverse events, and frequency of adverse events.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 2707 studies were screened and 38 studies were selected for inclusion. Of these 38 studies, 9 involved canakinumab, 12 involved anakinra, 2 involved rilonacept, 15 involved tocilizumab, and 1 involved an unspecified recombinant IL-6 antagonist. The most common adverse events included infection, local injection site reactions, headache, fever, arthralgia, and rash. There were 557 serious adverse events reported in 2208 patients (rate = 25%).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st4\">\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Risks of biological use should be considered alongside the immunosuppressive benefits when prescribing IL-1 and IL-6 inhibitors in the pediatric population. Few data were available on long-term follow-up of these patients.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5863\/1551-6776-30.2.152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]],"date-time":"2025-04-21T14:47:36Z","timestamp":1745246856000},"page":"152-169","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Systematic Review of Adverse Events of IL-1 and IL-6 Inhibitor Use in Pediatrics"],"prefix":"10.5863","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Amandi","family":"Perera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry (AP, NC, FG-B), Western University, Department of Pediatrics (FG-B), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikita","family":"Chugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry (AP, NC, FG-B), Western University, Department of Pediatrics (FG-B), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Facundo","family":"Garcia-Bournissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry (AP, NC, FG-B), Western University, Department of Pediatrics (FG-B), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3883","reference":[{"issue":"(5)","key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b01","series-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol","first-page":"533","article-title":"Targeting interleukin-6 in pediatric rheumatic diseases","volume":"21","author":"De Benedetti","year":"2009","unstructured":"De Benedetti F. Targeting interleukin-6 in pediatric rheumatic diseases. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2009;21(5):533\u2013537."},{"issue":"(163)","key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b02","series-title":"Front Pharmacol","first-page":"1","article-title":"IL-1 Inhibition may have an important role in treating refractory kawasaki disease","volume":"8","author":"Dusser","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dusser P, Kon\u00e9-Paut I. IL-1 Inhibition may have an important role in treating refractory kawasaki disease. Front Pharmacol. 2017;8 (163): 1\u20137."},{"issue":"(7)","key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b03","series-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep","article-title":"Biologics in pediatric rheumatology: quo vadis?","volume":"18","author":"Sterba","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sterba Y, Ilowite N. Biologics in pediatric rheumatology: quo vadis? Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2016;18(7)."},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b04","series-title":"Arthritis Care Res","first-page":"552","article-title":"Risk of serious infection in juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients associated with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors and disease activity in the German biologics in pediatric rheumatology registry","volume":"69","author":"Becker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Becker I, Horneff G. Risk of serious infection in juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients associated with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors and disease activity in the German biologics in pediatric rheumatology registry. Arthritis Care Res. 2017;69(4):552\u2013560."},{"issue":"(2)","key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b05","series-title":"Pediatrics","article-title":"Infectious complications with the use of biologic response modifiers in infants and children","volume":"138","author":"Davies","year":"2016","unstructured":"Davies HD, Byington CL, Maldonado YA, Barnett ED. Infectious complications with the use of biologic response modifiers in infants and children. Pediatrics. 2016;138(2)."},{"key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b06","series-title":"J Adv Res","first-page":"87","article-title":"Risk of serious infection among patients receiving biologics for chronic inflammatory diseases: usefulness of administrative data","volume":"15","author":"Quartuccio","year":"2019","unstructured":"Quartuccio L, Zabotti A, del Zotto S, et al. Risk of serious infection among patients receiving biologics for chronic inflammatory diseases: usefulness of administrative data. J Adv Res. 2019;15:87\u201393."},{"key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b07","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71."},{"key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b08","series-title":"Environ Int","first-page":"108602","article-title":"A tool to assess risk of bias in non-randomized follow-up studies of exposure effects (ROBINS-E)","volume":"186","author":"Higgins","year":"2024","unstructured":"Higgins JP, Morgan RL, Rooney AA, et al. A tool to assess risk of bias in non-randomized follow-up studies of exposure effects (ROBINS-E). Environ Int. 2024; 186:108602."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b09","series-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J","first-page":"22","article-title":"IL-6 blockade in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis\u2014achievement of inactive disease and remission (data from the German AID-registry)","volume":"16","author":"Bielak","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bielak M, Husmann E, Weyandt N, et al. IL-6 blockade in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis\u2014achievement of inactive disease and remission (data from the German AID-registry). Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2018;16(1):22."},{"issue":"(2)","key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b10","series-title":"Mod Rheumatol","first-page":"264","article-title":"High rate of serious infection in juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients under biologic therapy in a real-life setting","volume":"28","author":"Brunelli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brunelli JB, Schmidt AR, Sallum AME, et al. High rate of serious infection in juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients under biologic therapy in a real-life setting. Mod Rheumatol. 2018;28(2):264\u2013270."},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b11","series-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol","first-page":"530","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab for polyarticular-course juvenile idiopathic arthritis in the open-label two-year extension of a phase III trial","volume":"73","author":"Brunner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brunner HI, Ruperto N, Zuber Z, et al. Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab for polyarticular-course juvenile idiopathic arthritis in the open-label two-year extension of a phase III trial. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2021;73(3):530\u2013541."},{"issue":"(2)","key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b12","series-title":"Turk J Pediatr","first-page":"167","article-title":"Canakinumab in colchicine resistant familial Mediterranean fever and other pediatric rheumatic diseases","volume":"62","author":"\u00c7akan","year":"2020","unstructured":"\u00c7akan M, Karada\u011f \u015eG, Ayaz NA. Canakinumab in colchicine resistant familial Mediterranean fever and other pediatric rheumatic diseases. Turk J Pediatr. 2020;62(2):167\u2013174."},{"issue":"(25)","key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b13","series-title":"New Engl J Med","first-page":"2385","article-title":"Randomized trial of tocilizumab in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"367","author":"De Benedetti","year":"2012","unstructured":"De Benedetti F, Brunner HI, Ruperto N, et al. Randomized trial of tocilizumab in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. New Engl J Med. 2012;367(25):2385\u20132395."},{"issue":"(2)","key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b14","series-title":"Turk J Pediatr","first-page":"180","article-title":"Tocilizumab treatment in juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients: a single center experience","volume":"61","author":"Demir","year":"2019","unstructured":"Demir S, S\u00f6nmez HE, Arslano\u011flu-Ayd\u0131n E, et al. Tocilizumab treatment in juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients: a single center experience. Turk J Pediatr. 2019;61(2):180\u2013185."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b15","series-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J","first-page":"36","article-title":"Retrospective case series describing the efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of a vial-sharing programme for canakinumab treatment for paediatric patients with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Elmi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Elmi AA, Wynne K, Cheng IL, et al. Retrospective case series describing the efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of a vial-sharing programme for canakinumab treatment for paediatric patients with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2019;17(1):36."},{"issue":"(6)","key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b16","series-title":"J Pediatr","first-page":"1425","article-title":"Long-term efficacy of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra) in corticosteroid-dependent and colchicine-resistant recurrent pericarditis","volume":"164","author":"Finetti","year":"2014","unstructured":"Finetti M, Insalaco A, Cantarini L, et al. Long-term efficacy of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra) in corticosteroid-dependent and colchicine-resistant recurrent pericarditis. J Pediatr. 2014;164(6):1425\u20131431.e1."},{"issue":"(11)","key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b17","series-title":"Rheumatol Int","first-page":"3525","article-title":"Anakinra: a safe and effective first-line treatment in systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SoJIA)","volume":"32","author":"Hedrich","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hedrich CM, Bruck N, Fiebig B, Gahr M. Anakinra: a safe and effective first-line treatment in systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SoJIA). Rheumatol Int. 2012;32(11):3525\u20133530."},{"issue":"(2)","key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b18","series-title":"Clin Rheumatol","first-page":"129","article-title":"Anakinra in the treatment of polyarticular-course juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: safety and preliminary efficacy results of a randomized multicenter study","volume":"28","author":"Ilowite","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ilowite N, Porras O, Reiff A, et al. Anakinra in the treatment of polyarticular-course juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: safety and preliminary efficacy results of a randomized multicenter study. Clin Rheumatol. 2009;28(2):129\u2013137."},{"issue":"(9)","key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b19","series-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol","first-page":"2570","article-title":"Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of rilonacept in the treatment of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"66","author":"Ilowite","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ilowite N, Prather K, Lokhnygina Y, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of rilonacept in the treatment of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014;66(9):2570\u20132579."},{"issue":"(5)","key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b20","series-title":"Paediatr Drugs","first-page":"389","article-title":"Canakinumab in children with familial mediterranean fever: a single-center, retrospective analysis","volume":"21","author":"Kisla Ekinci","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kisla Ekinci RM, Balci S, Dogruel D, et al. Canakinumab in children with familial mediterranean fever: a single-center, retrospective analysis. Paediatr Drugs. 2018;21(5):389\u2013395."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b21","series-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol","first-page":"151","article-title":"Phase II open label study of anakinra in intravenous immunoglobulin-resistant Kawasaki disease","volume":"73","author":"Kon\u00e9-Paut","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kon\u00e9-Paut I, Tellier S, Belot A, et al. Phase II open label study of anakinra in intravenous immunoglobulin-resistant Kawasaki disease. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2021;73(1):151\u2013161."},{"key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b22","series-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J","first-page":"4","article-title":"Successful treatment with tocilizumab every 4 weeks of a low disease activity group who achieve a drug-free remission in patients with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"13","author":"Kostik","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kostik MM, Dubko MF, Masalova VV, et al. Successful treatment with tocilizumab every 4 weeks of a low disease activity group who achieve a drug-free remission in patients with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2015;13:4."},{"issue":"(12)","key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b23","series-title":"Ann Paediatr Rheumatol","first-page":"2095","article-title":"Two-year results from an open-label, multicentre, phase III study evaluating the safety and efficacy of canakinumab in patients with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome across different severity phenotypes","volume":"70","author":"Kuemmerle-Deschner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kuemmerle-Deschner JB, Hachulla E, Cartwright R, et al. Two-year results from an open-label, multicentre, phase III study evaluating the safety and efficacy of canakinumab in patients with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome across different severity phenotypes. Ann Paediatr Rheumatol. 2011;70(12):2095\u20132102."},{"issue":"(8)","key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b24","series-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)","first-page":"1499","article-title":"Long-term safety profile of anakinra in patients with severe cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes","volume":"55","author":"Kullenberg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kullenberg T, L\u00f6fqvist M, Leinonen M, et al. Long-term safety profile of anakinra in patients with severe cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2016;55(8):1499\u20131506."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b25","series-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J","first-page":"38","article-title":"Experiences with IL-1 blockade in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis\u2014data from the German AID-registry","volume":"19","author":"Lainka","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lainka E, Baehr M, Raszka B, et al. Experiences with IL-1 blockade in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis\u2014data from the German AID-registry. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2021;19(1):38."},{"issue":"(2)","key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b26","series-title":"J Pediatr","first-page":"310","article-title":"Follow-up and quality of life of patients with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes treated with Anakinra","volume":"157","author":"Lepore","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lepore L, Paloni G, Caorsi R, et al. Follow-up and quality of life of patients with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes treated with Anakinra. J Pediatr. 2010;157(2):310\u2013315.e1."},{"issue":"(9)","key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b27","series-title":"Arthritis Rheum","first-page":"2486","article-title":"Long-term safety and efficacy of rilonacept in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"65","author":"Lovell","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lovell DJ, Giannini EH, Reiff AO, et al. Long-term safety and efficacy of rilonacept in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65(9):2486\u20132496."},{"key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b28","series-title":"Front Pediatr","first-page":"851453","article-title":"Tocilizumab and abatacept for the treatment of childhood chronic uveitis: a monocentric comparison experience","volume":"10","author":"Maccora","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maccora I, Abu Rumeileh S, Curci F, et al. Tocilizumab and abatacept for the treatment of childhood chronic uveitis: a monocentric comparison experience. Front Pediatr. 2022;10:851453."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b29","series-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J","first-page":"57","article-title":"Intravenous dosing of tocilizumab in patients younger than two years of age with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: results from an open-label phase 1 clinical trial","volume":"17","author":"Mallalieu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mallalieu NL, Wimalasundera S, Hsu JC, et al. Intravenous dosing of tocilizumab in patients younger than two years of age with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: results from an open-label phase 1 clinical trial. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2019;17(1):57."},{"key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b30","series-title":"Front Pediatr","first-page":"682327","article-title":"Long term experience in patients with JIA-associated uveitis in a large referral center","volume":"9","author":"Marelli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marelli L, Romano M, Pontikaki I, et al. Long term experience in patients with JIA-associated uveitis in a large referral center. Front Pediatr. 2021;9:682327."},{"key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b31","series-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)","first-page":"665028","article-title":"Short-term outcomes and predictors of effectiveness of tocilizumab in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a prospective cohort study","volume":"8","author":"Nada","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nada DW, Moghazy A, Allam AE, et al. Short-term outcomes and predictors of effectiveness of tocilizumab in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a prospective cohort study. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:665028."},{"issue":"(2)","key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b32","series-title":"Arthritis Rheum","first-page":"545","article-title":"Anakinra as first-line disease-modifying therapy in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: report of forty-six patients from an international multicenter series","volume":"63","author":"Nigrovic","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nigrovic PA, Mannion M, Prince FH, et al. Anakinra as first-line disease-modifying therapy in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: report of forty-six patients from an international multicenter series. Arthritis Rheum. 2011;63(2):545\u2013555."},{"issue":"(5)","key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b33","series-title":"Ann Rheum Dis","first-page":"747","article-title":"A multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist anakinra in patients with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (ANAJIS trial)","volume":"70","author":"Quartier","year":"2011","unstructured":"Quartier P, Allantaz F, Cimaz R, et al. A multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist anakinra in patients with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (ANAJIS trial). Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70(5):747\u2013754."},{"issue":"(2)","key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b34","series-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol","first-page":"336","article-title":"Tapering canakinumab monotherapy in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis in clinical remission: results from a phase iiib\/IV open-label, randomized study","volume":"73","author":"Quartier","year":"2021","unstructured":"Quartier P, Alexeeva E, Constantin T, et al. Tapering canakinumab monotherapy in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis in clinical remission: results from a phase iiib\/IV open-label, randomized study. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2021;73(2):336\u2013346."},{"issue":"(17)","key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b35","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"2642","article-title":"A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of canakinumab in children and young adults with sickle cell anemia","volume":"139","author":"Rees","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rees DC, Kilinc Y, Unal S, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of canakinumab in children and young adults with sickle cell anemia. Blood. 2022;139(17):2642\u20132652."},{"issue":"(25)","key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b36","series-title":"New Engl J Med","first-page":"2396","article-title":"Two randomized trials of canakinumab in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"367","author":"Ruperto","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ruperto N, Brunner HI, Quartier P, et al. Two randomized trials of canakinumab in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. New Engl J Med. 2012;367(25):2396\u20132406."},{"issue":"(10)","key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b37","series-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)","first-page":"4568","article-title":"Subcutaneous dosing regimens of tocilizumab in children with systemic or polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"60","author":"Ruperto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ruperto N, Brunner HI, Ramanan AV, et al. Subcutaneous dosing regimens of tocilizumab in children with systemic or polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2021;60(10):4568\u20134580."},{"issue":"(7)","key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b38","series-title":"Arthritis Rheum","first-page":"2375","article-title":"Sustained response and prevention of damage progression in patients with neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease treated with anakinra: a cohort study to determine three- and five-year outcomes","volume":"64","author":"Sibley","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sibley CH, Plass N, Snow J, et al. Sustained response and prevention of damage progression in patients with neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease treated with anakinra: a cohort study to determine three- and five-year outcomes. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64(7):2375\u20132386."},{"issue":"(8)","key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b39","series-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol","first-page":"833","article-title":"Severe hypersensitivity reactions to biological drugs in children with rheumatic diseases","volume":"30","author":"Soyer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Soyer O, Demir S, Bilginer Y, et al. Severe hypersensitivity reactions to biological drugs in children with rheumatic diseases. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2019;30(8):833\u2013840."},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b40","series-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol","first-page":"1034","article-title":"Effectiveness of first-line treatment with recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in steroid-naive patients with new-onset systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: results of a prospective cohort study","volume":"66","author":"Vastert","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vastert SJ, de Jager W, Noordman BJ, et al. Effectiveness of first-line treatment with recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in steroid-naive patients with new-onset systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: results of a prospective cohort study. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014;66(4):1034\u20131043."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b41","series-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J","first-page":"16","article-title":"Pediatric rheumatology infusion center: report on therapeutic protocols and infusions given over 4 years with focus on adverse events over 1 year","volume":"16","author":"Vinod","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vinod SS, Reed AB, Maxwell J, et al. Pediatric rheumatology infusion center: report on therapeutic protocols and infusions given over 4 years with focus on adverse events over 1 year. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2018;16(1):16."},{"key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b42","series-title":"Front Pediatr","first-page":"735846","article-title":"Tocilizumab in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: response differs by disease duration at medication initiation and by phenotype of disease","volume":"9","author":"Yan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yan X, Tang W, Zhang Z, et al. Tocilizumab in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: response differs by disease duration at medication initiation and by phenotype of disease. Front Pediatr. 2021;9:735846."},{"key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b43","series-title":"J Pediatr","first-page":"173","article-title":"Anakinra treatment in patients with acute Kawasaki disease with coronary artery aneurysms: a phase I\/IIa trial","volume":"243","author":"Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang J, Jain S, Capparelli EV, et al. Anakinra treatment in patients with acute Kawasaki disease with coronary artery aneurysms: a phase I\/IIa trial. J Pediatr. 2022;243:173\u2013180.e8."},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b44","series-title":"J Rheumatol","first-page":"759","article-title":"Longterm safety and effectiveness of the anti-interleukin 6 receptor monoclonal antibody tocilizumab in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis in Japan","volume":"41","author":"Yokota","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yokota S, Imagawa T, Mori M, et al. Longterm safety and effectiveness of the anti-interleukin 6 receptor monoclonal antibody tocilizumab in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis in Japan. J Rheumatol. 2014;41(4):759\u2013767."},{"issue":"(9)","key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b45","series-title":"Ann Rheum Dis","first-page":"1654","article-title":"Tocilizumab in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis in a real-world clinical setting: results from 1 year of postmarketing surveillance follow-up of 417 patients in Japan","volume":"75","author":"Yokota","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yokota S, Itoh Y, Morio T, et al. Tocilizumab in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis in a real-world clinical setting: results from 1 year of postmarketing surveillance follow-up of 417 patients in Japan. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;75(9):1654\u20131660."},{"key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b46","series-title":"Front Pediatr","first-page":"710501","article-title":"Effectiveness of canakinumab treatment in colchicine resistant familial mediterranean fever cases","volume":"9","author":"Y\u00fccel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Y\u00fccel BB, Aydog O, Nalcacioglu H, Y\u0131lmaz A. Effectiveness of canakinumab treatment in colchicine resistant familial mediterranean fever cases. Front Pediatr. 2021;9:710501."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b47","series-title":"J Cutan Med Surg","first-page":"38","article-title":"A review of drug-drug Interactions for biologic drugs used in the treatment of psoriasis","volume":"25","author":"Armanious","year":"2021","unstructured":"Armanious M, Vender R. A review of drug-drug Interactions for biologic drugs used in the treatment of psoriasis. J Cutan Med Surg. 2021;25(1):38\u201344."},{"issue":"(6)","key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b48","series-title":"Paediatr Child Health (Oxford)","first-page":"229","article-title":"A practical guide to using biologics in juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"32","author":"Warrier","year":"2022","unstructured":"Warrier KC. A practical guide to using biologics in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Paediatr Child Health (Oxford). 2022;32(6):229\u2013235."},{"key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b49","series-title":"Front Pediatr","first-page":"661536","article-title":"Advances in therapeutic drug monitoring in biologic therapies for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"9","author":"Kapoor","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kapoor A, Crowley E. Advances in therapeutic drug monitoring in biologic therapies for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. Front Pediatr. 2021;9:661536."},{"key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b50","series-title":"Ilaris (canakinumab) [product monograph]","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ilaris (canakinumab) [product monograph]. Dorval, Canada: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc; 2022."},{"key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b51","series-title":"Arcalyst (rilonocept) for subcutaneous injection [prescribing information]","year":"2021","unstructured":"Arcalyst (rilonocept) for subcutaneous injection [prescribing information]. London, UK: Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals Inc; 2021."},{"key":"i2331-348X-30-2-152-b52","series-title":"Actemra (tocilizumab) injection for intravenous or subcutaneous use [prescribing information]","year":"2022","unstructured":"Actemra (tocilizumab) injection for intravenous or subcutaneous use [prescribing information]. San Francisco, CA; Genentech; 2022."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jppt.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/jppt\/30\/2\/article-p152.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jppt.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jppt\/30\/2\/article-p152.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jppt.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jppt\/30\/2\/article-p152.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]],"date-time":"2025-04-21T14:47:36Z","timestamp":1745246856000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jppt.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/jppt\/30\/2\/article-p152.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5863\/1551-6776-30.2.152","relation":{},"ISSN":["2331-348X","1551-6776"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2331-348X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1551-6776","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}}}