{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T04:24:34Z","timestamp":1785558274300,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"The Pediatric Pharmacy Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"\nOBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\nPatent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is common in premature neonates. The use and selection of pharmacologic therapy are controversial because of unclear long-term benefits and the potential of adverse effects. The objective of this review was to explore the safety and efficacy for indomethacin, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen for PDA management.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nMETHODS<\/jats:title>\nA chart review was conducted for neonates who received pharmacologic treatment for PDA at our institution between July 1, 2016, and May 30, 2023. Data collected included treatment success or failure; adverse reactions to the medications, including renal dysfunction, gastrointestinal perforation or bleeding, hepatotoxicity, and\/or death; and complications, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia, pulmonary hypertension, surgical closure, and death before discharge.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nRESULTS<\/jats:title>\nA total of 91 neonates met the inclusion criteria. The efficacy rates for the first treatment course were 25 of 31 (80.6%) for indomethacin, 4 of 16 (25%) for ibuprofen, and 27 of 44 (61.4%) for acetaminophen. Complications occurred in 12 of 31 (38.7%) for indomethacin, 9 of 16 (56.3%) for ibuprofen, and 0 of 44 (0%) for acetaminophen.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nCONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\nIndomethacin and acetaminophen had good efficacy, though indomethacin had a high incidence of complications. Ibuprofen had lower efficacy than expected (25%) and concerning safety outcomes, which requires further investigation to see if ethnicity plays a role.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5863\/1551-6776-30.2.250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]],"date-time":"2025-04-21T14:47:41Z","timestamp":1745246861000},"page":"250-257","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Pharmacologic Management of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.5863","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Gurleen","family":"Gill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal and Pediatric Pharmacy (GG, BN), Surrey Memorial Hospital, Surrey, British Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandi","family":"Newby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal and Pediatric Pharmacy (GG, BN), Surrey Memorial Hospital, Surrey, British Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3883","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"i2331-348X-30-2-250-b01","series-title":"J Perinatol","first-page":"S14","article-title":"Patent ductus arteriosus: pathophysiology and management","volume":"26","author":"Hermes-DeSantis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hermes-DeSantis ER, Clyman RI. 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