{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T15:15:07Z","timestamp":1781190907710,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"The Pediatric Pharmacy Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate safety and clinical benefit of sodium acetate umbilical arterial catheter (UAC) fluid in neonates.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n This single-center, retrospective cohort study included neonates receiving dextrose 5% or sodium acetate 77 mEq\/L heparinized fluid for UAC patency. The primary outcome was the potential number of capillary heel sticks avoided. Secondary outcomes included hypernatremia, intraventricular hemorrhage, metabolic acidosis, acute kidney injury, chronic lung disease, and parenteral nutrition optimization. Subgroup analysis was performed for patients undergoing therapeutic hypothermia and preterm infants.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n There were 202 patients (dextrose n = 100; sodium acetate n = 102) included. The sodium acetate group demonstrated a greater number of potential heel sticks avoided per UAC line day (0 vs 2.2; p < 0.001). Despite a higher incidence of hypernatremia (sodium > 145 mEq\/L) with sodium acetate, hypernatremia with sodium > 150 mEq\/L were not significant between groups and there were no significant differences in other clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n Using sodium acetate for UAC patency is safe and may decrease the number of painful capillary heel sticks.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5863\/jppt-25-00071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T14:47:06Z","timestamp":1781189226000},"page":"390-398","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sweet or Salty: Comparing Dextrose and Sodium Acetate Umbilical Arterial Catheter Fluids"],"prefix":"10.5863","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Rachel","family":"Qian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy (RQ, JT, FB), New York University Langone Health, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Purnahamsi V.","family":"Desai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology (PVD, AS), NYU Hassenfeld Children\u2019s Hospital, New York, NY"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics (PVD), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aashish","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology (PVD, AS), NYU Hassenfeld Children\u2019s Hospital, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Tracy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy (RQ, JT, FB), New York University Langone Health, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferras","family":"Bashqoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy (RQ, JT, FB), New York University Langone Health, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3883","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"JPPT-25-00071-b01","series-title":"Pediatrics","first-page":"e1742","article-title":"Standardizing umbilical catheter usage in preterm infants","volume":"133","author":"Shahid","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shahid S, Dutta S, Symington A, Shivananda S. Standardizing umbilical catheter usage in preterm infants. Pediatrics. 2014;133(6):e1742\u2013e1752."},{"issue":"4","key":"JPPT-25-00071-b02","series-title":"J Intensive Care Soc","first-page":"319","article-title":"The glucose error in arterial sampling: assessing staff awareness and the effect of sampling technique","volume":"22","author":"Patel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Patel V, Skorupska N, Hodges EJ, et al. The glucose error in arterial sampling: assessing staff awareness and the effect of sampling technique. J Intensive Care Soc. 2021;22(4):319\u2013327."},{"issue":"3","key":"JPPT-25-00071-b03","series-title":"Neonatology","first-page":"190","article-title":"Sensitization of cardiac responses to pain in preterm infants","volume":"91","author":"Pineles","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pineles BL, Sandman CA, Waffarn F, et al. Sensitization of cardiac responses to pain in preterm infants. Neonatology. 2007;91(3):190\u2013195."},{"key":"JPPT-25-00071-b04","series-title":"Int J Pediatr","first-page":"3241607","article-title":"Indications, measurements, and complications of ten essential neonatal procedures","volume":"2023","author":"Zubi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zubi ZBH, Abdullah AFB, Helmi MABM, et al. Indications, measurements, and complications of ten essential neonatal procedures. Int J Pediatr. 2023;2023:3241607."},{"issue":"1","key":"JPPT-25-00071-b05","series-title":"Eur J Pediatr","first-page":"49","article-title":"Metabolic acidosis in the first 14 days of life in infants of gestation less than 26 weeks","volume":"174","author":"Bourchier","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bourchier D, Weston PJ. Metabolic acidosis in the first 14 days of life in infants of gestation less than 26 weeks. Eur J Pediatr. 2015;174(1):49\u201354."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"JPPT-25-00071-b06","series-title":"Early Hum Dev","first-page":"15","article-title":"Urinary acidification in extremely low birth weight infants","volume":"70","author":"Sato","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sato T, Takahashi N, Komatsu Y, et al. Urinary acidification in extremely low birth weight infants. Early Hum Dev. 2002;70(1\u20132):15\u201324."},{"issue":"5","key":"JPPT-25-00071-b07","series-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr","first-page":"613","article-title":"Early chloride intake does not parallel that of sodium in extremely-low-birth-weight infants and may impair neonatal outcomes","volume":"54","author":"Kermorvant-Duchemin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kermorvant-Duchemin E, Iacobelli S, Eleni-Dit-Trolli S, et al. Early chloride intake does not parallel that of sodium in extremely-low-birth-weight infants and may impair neonatal outcomes. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2012;54(5):613\u2013619."},{"issue":"3","key":"JPPT-25-00071-b08","series-title":"J Korean Med Sci","first-page":"283","article-title":"Early sodium and fluid intake and severe intraventricular hemorrhage in extremely low birth weight infants","volume":"30","author":"Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee HJ, Lee BS, Do HJ, et al. Early sodium and fluid intake and severe intraventricular hemorrhage in extremely low birth weight infants. J Korean Med Sci. 2015;30(3):283\u2013289."},{"issue":"4","key":"JPPT-25-00071-b09","series-title":"Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr","first-page":"377","article-title":"Comparison between sodium acetate and sodium chloride in parenteral nutrition for very preterm infants on the acid-base status and neonatal outcomes","volume":"23","author":"Ali","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ali A, Ong EY, Sadu Singh BK, Cheah FC. Comparison between sodium acetate and sodium chloride in parenteral nutrition for very preterm infants on the acid-base status and neonatal outcomes. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr. 2020;23(4):377\u2013387."},{"issue":"8","key":"JPPT-25-00071-b10","series-title":"Acta Paediatr","first-page":"678","article-title":"Effect of different chloride infusion rates on plasma base excess during neonatal parenteral nutrition","volume":"82","author":"Richards","year":"1993","unstructured":"Richards CE, Drayton M, Jenkins H, Peters TJ. Effect of different chloride infusion rates on plasma base excess during neonatal parenteral nutrition. Acta Paediatr. 1993;82(8):678\u2013682."},{"issue":"1","key":"JPPT-25-00071-b11","series-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed","first-page":"F12","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of acetate in preterm neonates receiving parenteral nutrition","volume":"77","author":"Peters","year":"1997","unstructured":"Peters O, Ryan S, Matthew L, et al. Randomized controlled trial of acetate in preterm neonates receiving parenteral nutrition. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1997;77(1):F12\u2013F15."},{"issue":"6","key":"JPPT-25-00071-b01","series-title":"Pediatrics","first-page":"e1742","article-title":"Standardizing umbilical catheter usage in preterm infants","volume":"133","author":"Shahid","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shahid S, Dutta S, Symington A, Shivananda S. Standardizing umbilical catheter usage in preterm infants. Pediatrics. 2014;133(6):e1742\u2013e1752."},{"issue":"4","key":"JPPT-25-00071-b02","series-title":"J Intensive Care Soc","first-page":"319","article-title":"The glucose error in arterial sampling: assessing staff awareness and the effect of sampling technique","volume":"22","author":"Patel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Patel V, Skorupska N, Hodges EJ, et al. The glucose error in arterial sampling: assessing staff awareness and the effect of sampling technique. J Intensive Care Soc. 2021;22(4):319\u2013327."},{"issue":"3","key":"JPPT-25-00071-b03","series-title":"Neonatology","first-page":"190","article-title":"Sensitization of cardiac responses to pain in preterm infants","volume":"91","author":"Pineles","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pineles BL, Sandman CA, Waffarn F, et al. Sensitization of cardiac responses to pain in preterm infants. Neonatology. 2007;91(3):190\u2013195."},{"key":"JPPT-25-00071-b04","series-title":"Int J Pediatr","first-page":"3241607","article-title":"Indications, measurements, and complications of ten essential neonatal procedures","volume":"2023","author":"Zubi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zubi ZBH, Abdullah AFB, Helmi MABM, et al. Indications, measurements, and complications of ten essential neonatal procedures. Int J Pediatr. 2023;2023:3241607."},{"issue":"1","key":"JPPT-25-00071-b05","series-title":"Eur J Pediatr","first-page":"49","article-title":"Metabolic acidosis in the first 14 days of life in infants of gestation less than 26 weeks","volume":"174","author":"Bourchier","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bourchier D, Weston PJ. Metabolic acidosis in the first 14 days of life in infants of gestation less than 26 weeks. Eur J Pediatr. 2015;174(1):49\u201354."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"JPPT-25-00071-b06","series-title":"Early Hum Dev","first-page":"15","article-title":"Urinary acidification in extremely low birth weight infants","volume":"70","author":"Sato","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sato T, Takahashi N, Komatsu Y, et al. Urinary acidification in extremely low birth weight infants. Early Hum Dev. 2002;70(1\u20132):15\u201324."},{"issue":"5","key":"JPPT-25-00071-b07","series-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr","first-page":"613","article-title":"Early chloride intake does not parallel that of sodium in extremely-low-birth-weight infants and may impair neonatal outcomes","volume":"54","author":"Kermorvant-Duchemin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kermorvant-Duchemin E, Iacobelli S, Eleni-Dit-Trolli S, et al. Early chloride intake does not parallel that of sodium in extremely-low-birth-weight infants and may impair neonatal outcomes. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2012;54(5):613\u2013619."},{"issue":"3","key":"JPPT-25-00071-b08","series-title":"J Korean Med Sci","first-page":"283","article-title":"Early sodium and fluid intake and severe intraventricular hemorrhage in extremely low birth weight infants","volume":"30","author":"Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee HJ, Lee BS, Do HJ, et al. Early sodium and fluid intake and severe intraventricular hemorrhage in extremely low birth weight infants. J Korean Med Sci. 2015;30(3):283\u2013289."},{"issue":"4","key":"JPPT-25-00071-b09","series-title":"Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr","first-page":"377","article-title":"Comparison between sodium acetate and sodium chloride in parenteral nutrition for very preterm infants on the acid-base status and neonatal outcomes","volume":"23","author":"Ali","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ali A, Ong EY, Sadu Singh BK, Cheah FC. Comparison between sodium acetate and sodium chloride in parenteral nutrition for very preterm infants on the acid-base status and neonatal outcomes. 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Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1997;77(1):F12\u2013F15."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jppt.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/jppt\/31\/3\/article-p390.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jppt.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jppt\/31\/3\/article-p390.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jppt.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jppt\/31\/3\/article-p390.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T14:47:06Z","timestamp":1781189226000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jppt.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/jppt\/31\/3\/article-p390.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5863\/jppt-25-00071","relation":{},"ISSN":["2331-348X","1551-6776"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2331-348X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1551-6776","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}}}