{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T15:14:45Z","timestamp":1781190885782,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"The Pediatric Pharmacy Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n \n Overuse of broad-spectrum empiric antimicrobials remains common in children hospitalized with respiratory tract infections (RTI). A negative methicillin-resistant\n Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n (MRSA) nasal swab (MNS) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) result has been shown to have a high negative predictive value for MRSA in RTI. In this quality improvement (QI) initiative, we developed a pharmacist-driven approach to reduce the duration of empiric vancomycin for RTI in children. The primary aim was the time to de-escalation of vancomycin, and the secondary aim was the reduction in vancomycin monitoring in patients hospitalized with RTI.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n Baseline duration of vancomycin therapy was assessed by conducting a retrospective chart review. After root cause analysis and engaging key stakeholders, an electronic health record OurPractice Advisory (OPA) was implemented, prompting pharmacists to order an MNS PCR during order verification for vancomycin with an RTI indication.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n Preimplementation (01\/01\/2021 to 08\/31\/2023) included 89 patients, and 25 postimplementation (09\/21\/2023 to 05\/31\/2024). We found a 36% decrease in mean vancomycin duration from 53 to 34 hours after implementation of the pharmacist-driven OPA. Postimplementation, 24% of patients had a vancomycin concentration obtained, compared with 37% preimplementation. No patients were readmitted within 30 days postimplementation, compared with 1 patient preimplementation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n This QI initiative provides preliminary data that empiric vancomycin duration in pediatric patients with RTI may be impacted by pharmacist-facing OPA implementation, prompting ordering of MNS PCR at the time of vancomycin verification. This initiative could be replicated at other institutions seeking to reduce empiric vancomycin usage.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5863\/jppt-25-00080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T02:22:14Z","timestamp":1776910934000},"page":"413-418","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Quality Improvement Project to Increase Pharmacist-Initiated Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Nasal Swab PCR for Vancomycin De-Escalation in Pediatric Patients With Respiratory Tract Infections"],"prefix":"10.5863","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Kimberly","family":"James","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy (KJ), UF Health Shands Hospital, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trinkal","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy (TP), OhioHealth Grant Medical Center, Columbus, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelsey","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy (KJ), Mayo Clinic Health System, Austin, MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nipunie","family":"Rajapakse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (NR), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Heyliger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy (JH, GL, BA, LD), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy (JH, GL, BA, LD), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy (JH, GL, BA, LD), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Dinnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy (JH, GL, BA, LD), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3883","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"JPPT-25-00080-b01","series-title":"J Dermatol Sci","first-page":"203","article-title":"Staphylococcal cutaneous infections: invasion, evasion, and aggression","volume":"42","author":"Iwatsuki","year":"2006","unstructured":"Iwatsuki K, Yamasaki O, Morizane S, Oono T. Staphylococcal cutaneous infections: invasion, evasion, and aggression. J Dermatol Sci. 2006;42(3):203\u2013214."},{"issue":"9","key":"JPPT-25-00080-b02","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"853","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization and risk of subsequent infection in critically Ill children: importance of preventing nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus transmission","volume":"53","author":"Milstone","year":"2011","unstructured":"Milstone AM, Goldner BW, Ross T, et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization and risk of subsequent infection in critically Ill children: importance of preventing nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus transmission. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;53(9):853\u2013859."},{"issue":"2","key":"JPPT-25-00080-b03","series-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother","first-page":"859","article-title":"Predictive value of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal swab PCR assay for MRSA pneumonia","volume":"58","author":"Dangerfield","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dangerfield B, Chung A, Webb B, Seville MT. Predictive value of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal swab PCR assay for MRSA pneumonia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014;58(2):859\u2013864."},{"issue":"6","key":"JPPT-25-00080-b04","series-title":"Ann Pharmacother","first-page":"627","article-title":"Systematic review of the clinical utility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal screening for MRSA pneumonia","volume":"53","author":"Smith","year":"2019","unstructured":"Smith MN, Brotherton AL, Lusardi K, et al. Systematic review of the clinical utility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal screening for MRSA pneumonia. Ann Pharmacother. 2019;53(6):627\u2013638."},{"issue":"1","key":"JPPT-25-00080-b05","series-title":"Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol","first-page":"e167","article-title":"Use of nares swab to de-escalate vancomycin for patients with suspected methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"3","author":"Gentges","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gentges J, El-Kouri N, Rahman T, et al. Use of nares swab to de-escalate vancomycin for patients with suspected methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol. 2023;3(1):e167"},{"key":"JPPT-25-00080-b06","series-title":"J Surg Res","first-page":"1047","article-title":"Evaluating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus polymerase chain reaction nasal screening as a tool for antimicrobial stewardship","volume":"283","author":"Bono","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bono K, Caceda JA, Zhai M, et al. Evaluating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus polymerase chain reaction nasal screening as a tool for antimicrobial stewardship. J Surg Res. 2023;283:1047\u20131052"},{"key":"JPPT-25-00080-b07","series-title":"J Surg Res","first-page":"317","article-title":"Using methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal screens to rule out methicillin-resistant S aureus pneumonia in surgical intensive care units","volume":"292","author":"Srinivas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Srinivas S, Murphy CV, Bergus KC, et al. Using methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal screens to rule out methicillin-resistant S aureus pneumonia in surgical intensive care units. J Surg Res. 2023;292:317\u2013323"},{"issue":"3","key":"JPPT-25-00080-b08","series-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis","first-page":"307","article-title":"Clinical utility of a nasal swab methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus polymerase chain reaction test in intensive and intermediate care unit patients with pneumonia","volume":"86","author":"Giancola","year":"2016","unstructured":"Giancola SE, Nguyen AT, Le B, et al. Clinical utility of a nasal swab methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus polymerase chain reaction test in intensive and intermediate care unit patients with pneumonia. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2016;86(3):307\u2013310"},{"issue":"1","key":"JPPT-25-00080-b09","series-title":"J Intensive Care Med","first-page":"54","article-title":"Evaluating the diagnostic performance of nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus polymerase chain reaction in hospital-acquired pneumonia within the intensive care unit. A retrospective study","volume":"40","author":"Alwakeel","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alwakeel M, Obeidat M, Nanah A, et al. Evaluating the diagnostic performance of nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus polymerase chain reaction in hospital-acquired pneumonia within the intensive care unit. A retrospective study. J Intensive Care Med. 2025;40(1):54\u201359"},{"key":"JPPT-25-00080-b10","series-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)","first-page":"1434","article-title":"Utility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nares screening in hospitalized children with acute infectious disease syndromes","volume":"10","author":"Sands","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sands A, Mulvey N, Iacono D, et al. Utility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nares screening in hospitalized children with acute infectious disease syndromes. Antibiotics (Basel). 2021;10:1434."},{"issue":"12","key":"JPPT-25-00080-b11","series-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J","first-page":"e466","article-title":"Pediatric utilization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal swabs for antimicrobial stewardship","volume":"42","author":"Braga","year":"2023","unstructured":"Braga S, Rajapakse N, Heyliger J, et al. Pediatric utilization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal swabs for antimicrobial stewardship. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2023;42(12):e466\u2013e469."},{"key":"JPPT-25-00080-b12","series-title":"J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc","first-page":"184","article-title":"The clinical utility of MRSA nasal surveillance swabs in ruling-out MRSA infections in children","volume":"12","author":"Diseroad","year":"2023","unstructured":"Diseroad ER, Tamma PD, Same RG, et al. The clinical utility of MRSA nasal surveillance swabs in ruling-out MRSA infections in children. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2023;12:184\u2013187."},{"issue":"4","key":"JPPT-25-00080-b13","series-title":"J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc","first-page":"242","article-title":"Utility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal PCR testing in pediatric patients with suspected respiratory infections","volume":"13","author":"Baker","year":"2024","unstructured":"Baker B, Hung F, Smith M, et al. Utility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal PCR testing in pediatric patients with suspected respiratory infections. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2024;13(4):242\u2013245."},{"issue":"1","key":"JPPT-25-00080-b14","series-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J","first-page":"33","article-title":"Pediatric clinical outcomes of nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus polymerase chain reaction utilization","volume":"44","author":"Demirhan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Demirhan S, Burgos K, Escobar Lee K, et al. Pediatric clinical outcomes of nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus polymerase chain reaction utilization. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2025;44(1):33\u201339."},{"issue":"7","key":"JPPT-25-00080-b15","series-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J","first-page":"e265","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of a nasal rapid Staphylococcus aureus PCR test in intubated children with severe community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"44","author":"Watson J Delerme","year":"2025","unstructured":"Watson J Delerme A, Toocheck C, Karsies T. Diagnostic accuracy of a nasal rapid Staphylococcus aureus PCR test in intubated children with severe community-acquired pneumonia. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2025.44(7):e265\u2013e267"},{"issue":"1","key":"JPPT-25-00080-b16","series-title":"J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc","first-page":"84","article-title":"Predictive value of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal swab PCR assay for MRSA infection in critically ill pediatric patients","volume":"13","author":"Crawford","year":"2024","unstructured":"Crawford L, Pertsovskaya V, Shanklin A, et al. Predictive value of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal swab PCR assay for MRSA infection in critically ill pediatric patients. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2024;13(1):84\u201390"},{"issue":"5","key":"JPPT-25-00080-b17","series-title":"Ann Pharmacother","first-page":"560","article-title":"Pharmacist-driven methicillin-resistant S. aureus polymerase chain reaction testing for pneumonia","volume":"57","author":"Marinucci","year":"2023","unstructured":"Marinucci V, Louzon PR, Carr AL, et al. Pharmacist-driven methicillin-resistant S. aureus polymerase chain reaction testing for pneumonia. Ann Pharmacother. 2023;57(5):560\u2013569."},{"issue":"12","key":"JPPT-25-00080-b18","series-title":"Cureus","first-page":"e6378","article-title":"Impact of a pharmacist-driven methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus polymerase chain reaction nasal swab protocol on the de-escalation of empiric vancomycin in patients with pneumonia in a rural healthcare setting","volume":"11","author":"Dadzie","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dadzie P, Dietrich T, Ashurst J. Impact of a pharmacist-driven methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus polymerase chain reaction nasal swab protocol on the de-escalation of empiric vancomycin in patients with pneumonia in a rural healthcare setting. Cureus. 2019;11(12):e6378."},{"issue":"21","key":"JPPT-25-00080-b19","series-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm","first-page":"1765","article-title":"Impact of a pharmacist-driven methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus surveillance protocol","volume":"74","author":"Willis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Willis C, Allen B, Tucker C, et al. Impact of a pharmacist-driven methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus surveillance protocol. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2017;74(21):1765\u20131773."},{"key":"JPPT-25-00080-b20","series-title":"Eur J Hosp Pharm","first-page":"327","article-title":"Antibiotic de-escalation in pneumonia with pharmacist education and ordering of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal swabs","volume":"31","author":"Doan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Doan K, Smoke S. Antibiotic de-escalation in pneumonia with pharmacist education and ordering of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal swabs. Eur J Hosp Pharm. 2024;31:327\u2013331."},{"issue":"1","key":"JPPT-25-00080-b21","series-title":"ASHE","first-page":"e216","article-title":"Impact of stewardship pharmacist driven MRSA nasal surveillance and de-escalation of anti-MRSA therapy (Stew pharm MRSA nasal surveillance)","volume":"4","author":"Dillon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dillon J, Vita D, Abrantes-Figueiredo J, Wiskirchen D. Impact of stewardship pharmacist driven MRSA nasal surveillance and de-escalation of anti-MRSA therapy (Stew pharm MRSA nasal surveillance). ASHE. 2024;4(1):e216."},{"issue":"4","key":"JPPT-25-00080-b22","series-title":"Hosp Pharm","first-page":"221","article-title":"Impact of a pharmacist-driven MRSA nasal PCR protocol on pneumonia therapy","volume":"56","author":"Pham","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pham SN, Sturm AC, Jacoby JS, et al. Impact of a pharmacist-driven MRSA nasal PCR protocol on pneumonia therapy. Hosp Pharm. 2021;56(4):221\u2013227."},{"issue":"5","key":"JPPT-25-00080-b23","series-title":"Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes","first-page":"550","article-title":"Pharmacist-driven MRSA nasal PCR screening and the duration of empirical vancomycin therapy for suspected MRSA respiratory tract infections","volume":"4","author":"Woolever","year":"2020","unstructured":"Woolever NL, Schomberg RJ, Cai S, et al. Pharmacist-driven MRSA nasal PCR screening and the duration of empirical vancomycin therapy for suspected MRSA respiratory tract infections. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes. 2020.15;4(5):550\u2013556."},{"issue":"12","key":"JPPT-25-00080-b24","series-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)","first-page":"1195","article-title":"Evaluation of a pharmacist-led methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal PCR testing protocol","volume":"13","author":"Thayer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Thayer B, Edwards JD, Belk MG, Durham SH. Evaluation of a pharmacist-led methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal PCR testing protocol. Antibiotics (Basel). 2024.7;13(12):1195."},{"issue":"3","key":"JPPT-25-00080-b01","series-title":"J Dermatol Sci","first-page":"203","article-title":"Staphylococcal cutaneous infections: invasion, evasion, and aggression","volume":"42","author":"Iwatsuki","year":"2006","unstructured":"Iwatsuki K, Yamasaki O, Morizane S, Oono T. Staphylococcal cutaneous infections: invasion, evasion, and aggression. J Dermatol Sci. 2006;42(3):203\u2013214."},{"issue":"9","key":"JPPT-25-00080-b02","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"853","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization and risk of subsequent infection in critically Ill children: importance of preventing nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus transmission","volume":"53","author":"Milstone","year":"2011","unstructured":"Milstone AM, Goldner BW, Ross T, et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization and risk of subsequent infection in critically Ill children: importance of preventing nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus transmission. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;53(9):853\u2013859."},{"issue":"2","key":"JPPT-25-00080-b03","series-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother","first-page":"859","article-title":"Predictive value of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal swab PCR assay for MRSA pneumonia","volume":"58","author":"Dangerfield","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dangerfield B, Chung A, Webb B, Seville MT. Predictive value of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal swab PCR assay for MRSA pneumonia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014;58(2):859\u2013864."},{"issue":"6","key":"JPPT-25-00080-b04","series-title":"Ann Pharmacother","first-page":"627","article-title":"Systematic review of the clinical utility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal screening for MRSA pneumonia","volume":"53","author":"Smith","year":"2019","unstructured":"Smith MN, Brotherton AL, Lusardi K, et al. Systematic review of the clinical utility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal screening for MRSA pneumonia. Ann Pharmacother. 2019;53(6):627\u2013638."},{"issue":"1","key":"JPPT-25-00080-b05","series-title":"Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol","first-page":"e167","article-title":"Use of nares swab to de-escalate vancomycin for patients with suspected methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"3","author":"Gentges","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gentges J, El-Kouri N, Rahman T, et al. Use of nares swab to de-escalate vancomycin for patients with suspected methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol. 2023;3(1):e167"},{"key":"JPPT-25-00080-b06","series-title":"J Surg Res","first-page":"1047","article-title":"Evaluating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus polymerase chain reaction nasal screening as a tool for antimicrobial stewardship","volume":"283","author":"Bono","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bono K, Caceda JA, Zhai M, et al. Evaluating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus polymerase chain reaction nasal screening as a tool for antimicrobial stewardship. J Surg Res. 2023;283:1047\u20131052"},{"key":"JPPT-25-00080-b07","series-title":"J Surg Res","first-page":"317","article-title":"Using methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal screens to rule out methicillin-resistant S aureus pneumonia in surgical intensive care units","volume":"292","author":"Srinivas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Srinivas S, Murphy CV, Bergus KC, et al. Using methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal screens to rule out methicillin-resistant S aureus pneumonia in surgical intensive care units. J Surg Res. 2023;292:317\u2013323"},{"issue":"3","key":"JPPT-25-00080-b08","series-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis","first-page":"307","article-title":"Clinical utility of a nasal swab methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus polymerase chain reaction test in intensive and intermediate care unit patients with pneumonia","volume":"86","author":"Giancola","year":"2016","unstructured":"Giancola SE, Nguyen AT, Le B, et al. Clinical utility of a nasal swab methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus polymerase chain reaction test in intensive and intermediate care unit patients with pneumonia. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2016;86(3):307\u2013310"},{"issue":"1","key":"JPPT-25-00080-b09","series-title":"J Intensive Care Med","first-page":"54","article-title":"Evaluating the diagnostic performance of nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus polymerase chain reaction in hospital-acquired pneumonia within the intensive care unit. A retrospective study","volume":"40","author":"Alwakeel","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alwakeel M, Obeidat M, Nanah A, et al. Evaluating the diagnostic performance of nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus polymerase chain reaction in hospital-acquired pneumonia within the intensive care unit. A retrospective study. J Intensive Care Med. 2025;40(1):54\u201359"},{"key":"JPPT-25-00080-b10","series-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)","first-page":"1434","article-title":"Utility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nares screening in hospitalized children with acute infectious disease syndromes","volume":"10","author":"Sands","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sands A, Mulvey N, Iacono D, et al. Utility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nares screening in hospitalized children with acute infectious disease syndromes. Antibiotics (Basel). 2021;10:1434."},{"issue":"12","key":"JPPT-25-00080-b11","series-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J","first-page":"e466","article-title":"Pediatric utilization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal swabs for antimicrobial stewardship","volume":"42","author":"Braga","year":"2023","unstructured":"Braga S, Rajapakse N, Heyliger J, et al. Pediatric utilization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal swabs for antimicrobial stewardship. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2023;42(12):e466\u2013e469."},{"key":"JPPT-25-00080-b12","series-title":"J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc","first-page":"184","article-title":"The clinical utility of MRSA nasal surveillance swabs in ruling-out MRSA infections in children","volume":"12","author":"Diseroad","year":"2023","unstructured":"Diseroad ER, Tamma PD, Same RG, et al. The clinical utility of MRSA nasal surveillance swabs in ruling-out MRSA infections in children. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2023;12:184\u2013187."},{"issue":"4","key":"JPPT-25-00080-b13","series-title":"J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc","first-page":"242","article-title":"Utility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal PCR testing in pediatric patients with suspected respiratory infections","volume":"13","author":"Baker","year":"2024","unstructured":"Baker B, Hung F, Smith M, et al. Utility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal PCR testing in pediatric patients with suspected respiratory infections. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2024;13(4):242\u2013245."},{"issue":"1","key":"JPPT-25-00080-b14","series-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J","first-page":"33","article-title":"Pediatric clinical outcomes of nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus polymerase chain reaction utilization","volume":"44","author":"Demirhan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Demirhan S, Burgos K, Escobar Lee K, et al. Pediatric clinical outcomes of nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus polymerase chain reaction utilization. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2025;44(1):33\u201339."},{"issue":"7","key":"JPPT-25-00080-b15","series-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J","first-page":"e265","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of a nasal rapid Staphylococcus aureus PCR test in intubated children with severe community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"44","author":"Watson J Delerme","year":"2025","unstructured":"Watson J Delerme A, Toocheck C, Karsies T. Diagnostic accuracy of a nasal rapid Staphylococcus aureus PCR test in intubated children with severe community-acquired pneumonia. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2025.44(7):e265\u2013e267"},{"issue":"1","key":"JPPT-25-00080-b16","series-title":"J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc","first-page":"84","article-title":"Predictive value of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal swab PCR assay for MRSA infection in critically ill pediatric patients","volume":"13","author":"Crawford","year":"2024","unstructured":"Crawford L, Pertsovskaya V, Shanklin A, et al. Predictive value of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal swab PCR assay for MRSA infection in critically ill pediatric patients. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2024;13(1):84\u201390"},{"issue":"5","key":"JPPT-25-00080-b17","series-title":"Ann Pharmacother","first-page":"560","article-title":"Pharmacist-driven methicillin-resistant S. aureus polymerase chain reaction testing for pneumonia","volume":"57","author":"Marinucci","year":"2023","unstructured":"Marinucci V, Louzon PR, Carr AL, et al. Pharmacist-driven methicillin-resistant S. aureus polymerase chain reaction testing for pneumonia. Ann Pharmacother. 2023;57(5):560\u2013569."},{"issue":"12","key":"JPPT-25-00080-b18","series-title":"Cureus","first-page":"e6378","article-title":"Impact of a pharmacist-driven methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus polymerase chain reaction nasal swab protocol on the de-escalation of empiric vancomycin in patients with pneumonia in a rural healthcare setting","volume":"11","author":"Dadzie","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dadzie P, Dietrich T, Ashurst J. Impact of a pharmacist-driven methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus polymerase chain reaction nasal swab protocol on the de-escalation of empiric vancomycin in patients with pneumonia in a rural healthcare setting. Cureus. 2019;11(12):e6378."},{"issue":"21","key":"JPPT-25-00080-b19","series-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm","first-page":"1765","article-title":"Impact of a pharmacist-driven methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus surveillance protocol","volume":"74","author":"Willis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Willis C, Allen B, Tucker C, et al. Impact of a pharmacist-driven methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus surveillance protocol. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2017;74(21):1765\u20131773."},{"key":"JPPT-25-00080-b20","series-title":"Eur J Hosp Pharm","first-page":"327","article-title":"Antibiotic de-escalation in pneumonia with pharmacist education and ordering of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal swabs","volume":"31","author":"Doan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Doan K, Smoke S. Antibiotic de-escalation in pneumonia with pharmacist education and ordering of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal swabs. Eur J Hosp Pharm. 2024;31:327\u2013331."},{"issue":"1","key":"JPPT-25-00080-b21","series-title":"ASHE","first-page":"e216","article-title":"Impact of stewardship pharmacist driven MRSA nasal surveillance and de-escalation of anti-MRSA therapy (Stew pharm MRSA nasal surveillance)","volume":"4","author":"Dillon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dillon J, Vita D, Abrantes-Figueiredo J, Wiskirchen D. Impact of stewardship pharmacist driven MRSA nasal surveillance and de-escalation of anti-MRSA therapy (Stew pharm MRSA nasal surveillance). ASHE. 2024;4(1):e216."},{"issue":"4","key":"JPPT-25-00080-b22","series-title":"Hosp Pharm","first-page":"221","article-title":"Impact of a pharmacist-driven MRSA nasal PCR protocol on pneumonia therapy","volume":"56","author":"Pham","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pham SN, Sturm AC, Jacoby JS, et al. Impact of a pharmacist-driven MRSA nasal PCR protocol on pneumonia therapy. Hosp Pharm. 2021;56(4):221\u2013227."},{"issue":"5","key":"JPPT-25-00080-b23","series-title":"Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes","first-page":"550","article-title":"Pharmacist-driven MRSA nasal PCR screening and the duration of empirical vancomycin therapy for suspected MRSA respiratory tract infections","volume":"4","author":"Woolever","year":"2020","unstructured":"Woolever NL, Schomberg RJ, Cai S, et al. Pharmacist-driven MRSA nasal PCR screening and the duration of empirical vancomycin therapy for suspected MRSA respiratory tract infections. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes. 2020.15;4(5):550\u2013556."},{"issue":"12","key":"JPPT-25-00080-b24","series-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)","first-page":"1195","article-title":"Evaluation of a pharmacist-led methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal PCR testing protocol","volume":"13","author":"Thayer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Thayer B, Edwards JD, Belk MG, Durham SH. Evaluation of a pharmacist-led methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal PCR testing protocol. 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