{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T12:34:20Z","timestamp":1786365260647,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"The Pediatric Pharmacy Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n The purpose of this study was to compare the change in heart rate (HR) in patients less than 5 kg who received either the fixed minimum dose of atropine (0.1 mg) or the weight-based dose of atropine (0.02 mg\/kg).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n This was a retrospective, single organization, dual-site cohort study of infants less than 5 kg who received atropine in the setting of a bradycardic event from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2024. Patients were excluded if they received atropine for any other indication. Age at the time of atropine administration, gender, race, weight, and department location within the hospital, mean arterial pressure, and other resuscitative medications were collected.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n A total of 36 atropine doses (representing 33 unique patients) met study inclusion. Twenty-seven administration events (75%) were provided as a weight-based dose with no minimum while 9 administration events (25%) were provided as a minimum dose of 0.1 mg. The mean change in HR from time of atropine administration to 5 minutes after atropine was 53.9 \u00b1 37.7 beats per minute for patients who received the weight-based dose of atropine compared with 50.4 \u00b1 18.4 beats per minute for patients who received the minimum dose of atropine (p = 0.864).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n Heart rate response following intravenous atropine to infants less than 5 kg at either 0.02 mg\/kg or a minimum dose of 0.1 mg did not statistically differ.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5863\/jppt-25-00084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T12:26:22Z","timestamp":1786364782000},"page":"529-534","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of Heart-Rate Response Following Atropine Administration During Bradycardic Events in Infants: Fixed Minimum Dose Versus Weight-Based Dose"],"prefix":"10.5863","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Elyse M.","family":"Schwab-Daugherty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy (EMSD, JJD, EH, PDR), Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy J.","family":"Daugherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy (EMSD, JJD, EH, PDR), Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Hohenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy (EMSD, JJD, EH, PDR), Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela D.","family":"Reiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy (EMSD, JJD, EH, PDR), Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO"},{"name":"Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (PDR), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3883","reference":[{"issue":"16 suppl 2","key":"JPPT-25-00084-b01","series-title":"Circulation","first-page":"S469","article-title":"Part 4: Pediatric basic and advanced life support: 2020 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care","volume":"142","author":"Topjian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Topjian AA, Raymond TT, Atkins D, et al. Part 4: Pediatric basic and advanced life support: 2020 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation. 2020;142(16 suppl 2):S469\u2013S523."},{"issue":"6","key":"JPPT-25-00084-b02","series-title":"Am Fam Physician","first-page":"1743","article-title":"Pediatric advanced life support: a review of the AHA recommendations. American Heart Association","volume":"60","author":"Bardella","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bardella IJ. Pediatric advanced life support: a review of the AHA recommendations. American Heart Association. Am Fam Physician. 1999;60(6):1743\u20131750."},{"issue":"14","key":"JPPT-25-00084-b03","series-title":"Circulation","first-page":"1394","article-title":"Central vagotonic effects of atropine modulate spectral oscillations of sympathetic nerve activity","volume":"98","author":"Montano","year":"1998","unstructured":"Montano N, Cogliati C, Porta A, et al. Central vagotonic effects of atropine modulate spectral oscillations of sympathetic nerve activity. Circulation. 1998;98(14):1394\u20131399."},{"issue":"2","key":"JPPT-25-00084-b04","series-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther","first-page":"274","article-title":"Effects of atropine on the electrocardiogram in different age groups","volume":"12","author":"Dauchot","year":"1971","unstructured":"Dauchot P, Gravenstein JS. Effects of atropine on the electrocardiogram in different age groups. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1971;12(2):274\u2013280."},{"issue":"7","key":"JPPT-25-00084-b05","series-title":"Arch Dis Child","first-page":"684","article-title":"Do small doses of atropine (<0.1 mg) cause bradycardia in young children?","volume":"100","author":"Eisa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Eisa L, Passi Y, Lerman J, et al. Do small doses of atropine (<0.1 mg) cause bradycardia in young children? Arch Dis Child. 2015;100(7):684\u2013688."},{"issue":"4","key":"JPPT-25-00084-b06","series-title":"Pediatrics","first-page":"1583","article-title":"Premedication for nonemergent neonatal intubations: a randomized, controlled trial comparing atropine and fentanyl to atropine, fentanyl, and mivacurium","volume":"118","author":"Roberts","year":"2006","unstructured":"Roberts KD, Leone TA, Edwards WH, et al. Premedication for nonemergent neonatal intubations: a randomized, controlled trial comparing atropine and fentanyl to atropine, fentanyl, and mivacurium. Pediatrics. 2006;118(4):1583\u20131591."},{"issue":"4","key":"JPPT-25-00084-b07","series-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed","first-page":"F279","article-title":"Facilitation of neonatal endotracheal intubation with mivacurium and fentanyl in the neonatal intensive care unit","volume":"91","author":"Dempsey","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dempsey EM, Al Hazzani F, Faucher D, Barrington KJ. Facilitation of neonatal endotracheal intubation with mivacurium and fentanyl in the neonatal intensive care unit. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2006;91(4):F279\u2013F282."},{"issue":"6","key":"JPPT-25-00084-b08","series-title":"Pediatr Res","first-page":"939","article-title":"Cardiovascular autonomic regulation in preterm infants: the effect of atropine","volume":"56","author":"Andriessen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Andriessen P, Janssen BJ, Berendsen RC, et al. Cardiovascular autonomic regulation in preterm infants: the effect of atropine. Pediatr Res. 2004;56(6):939\u2013946."},{"issue":"4","key":"JPPT-25-00084-b09","series-title":"Pediatrics","first-page":"783","article-title":"The myth of a minimum dose for atropine","volume":"127","author":"Barrington","year":"2011","unstructured":"Barrington KJ. The myth of a minimum dose for atropine. Pediatrics. 2011;127(4):783\u2013784."},{"issue":"2","key":"JPPT-25-00084-b10","series-title":"J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol","first-page":"282","article-title":"Is a minimum dose of atropine in children justified?","volume":"33","author":"Prakash","year":"2017","unstructured":"Prakash S, Mullick P. Is a minimum dose of atropine in children justified? J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2017;33(2):282\u2013283."},{"issue":"18 suppl 3","key":"JPPT-25-00084-b11","series-title":"Circulation","first-page":"S909","article-title":"Part 15: neonatal resuscitation: 2010 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care","volume":"122","author":"Kattwinkel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kattwinkel J, Perlman JM, Aziz K, et al. Part 15: neonatal resuscitation: 2010 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation. 2010;122(18 suppl 3):S909\u2013S919."},{"issue":"16 suppl 2","key":"JPPT-25-00084-b12","series-title":"Circulation","first-page":"S524","article-title":"Part 5: neonatal resuscitation: 2020 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care","volume":"142","author":"Aziz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aziz K, Lee HC, Escobedo MB, et al. Part 5: neonatal resuscitation: 2020 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation. 2020;142(16 suppl 2):S524\u2013S550."},{"key":"JPPT-25-00084-b13","article-title":"Lexi-Drugs. UpToDate Lexidrug","unstructured":"Atropine. Lexi-Drugs. UpToDate Lexidrug. UpToDate Inc. Accessed December 15, 2024. https:\/\/online.lexi.com"},{"key":"JPPT-25-00084-b14","series-title":"Br J Anaesth","first-page":"793","article-title":"Atropine toxicity in a neonate","volume":"46","author":"Gillick","year":"1974","unstructured":"Gillick JS. Atropine toxicity in a neonate. Br J Anaesth. 1974;46:793\u2013794."},{"key":"JPPT-25-00084-b15","series-title":"Resuscitation","first-page":"101","article-title":"Post resuscitation central anticholinergic syndrome","volume":"61","author":"Rizzi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rizzi RR, Ho J. Post resuscitation central anticholinergic syndrome. Resuscitation. 2004;61:101\u2013102."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jppt.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/jppt\/31\/4\/article-p529.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jppt.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jppt\/31\/4\/article-p529.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jppt.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jppt\/31\/4\/article-p529.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T12:26:22Z","timestamp":1786364782000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jppt.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/jppt\/31\/4\/article-p529.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5863\/jppt-25-00084","relation":{},"ISSN":["2331-348X","1551-6776"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2331-348X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1551-6776","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}}}