{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T13:45:31Z","timestamp":1791812731407,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"The Pediatric Pharmacy Association","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n Levetiracetam is traditionally given as an intravenous (IV) piggyback over a span of 15 minutes. Studies have shown administration of levetiracetam via IV push is safe and effective in adults; however, there are limited data within pediatrics. The objective of this study was to assess the safety and tolerability of IV push administration of undiluted levetiracetam in pediatric patients from neonates to 17 years of age.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n This was a single-center, retrospective observational study of pediatric patients who received at least 1 dose of undiluted IV push levetiracetam at a combined pediatric and adult community medical center. Patients were included if they were younger than 18 years and received an IV push dose of levetiracetam of 19 mg or greater. Patients were excluded if they received IV push lacosamide in addition to IV push levetiracetam. The primary outcome was treatment-associated adverse events within 1 hour of levetiracetam administration.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n A total of 103 patients, with an associated 446 levetiracetam administrations, were identified for inclusion in this study. The mean age at the time of levetiracetam administration was 8 years (range, 1 day\u201317 years). There were 46 treatment-associated adverse events (10.3%) identified within the first hour after administration. The most common adverse events identified included increased blood pressure (85%), agitation (4%), drowsiness (4%), and hypotension (4%). The highest score obtained was 6 on the Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Scale, which is considered a probable reaction.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n Undiluted, IV push levetiracetam appears to be safe in pediatric patients from neonates to 17 years of age.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5863\/jppt-25-00093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T12:50:44Z","timestamp":1791809444000},"page":"617-621","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Retrospective Safety Review of Undiluted IV Push Levetiracetam in Pediatric Patients"],"prefix":"10.5863","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Miah","family":"Thompson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Renown Regional Medical Center, Reno, NV"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol","family":"Vollmer-Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renown Regional Medical Center, Reno, NV"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Townsend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renown Regional Medical Center, Reno, NV"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Gassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renown Regional Medical Center, Reno, NV"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3883","reference":[{"key":"JPPT-25-00093-b01","year":"2024","unstructured":"Levetiracetam [package insert]. Smyrna, GA: UCB Inc; 2024."},{"issue":"1","key":"JPPT-25-00093-b02","series-title":"Neurocrit Care","first-page":"3","article-title":"Neurocritical Care Society Status Epilepticus Guideline Writing Committee. Guidelines for the evaluation and management of status epilepticus","volume":"17","author":"Brophy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brophy GM, Bell R, Claassen J, et al; Neurocritical Care Society Status Epilepticus Guideline Writing Committee. Guidelines for the evaluation and management of status epilepticus. Neurocrit Care. 2012;17(1):3\u201323."},{"issue":"1","key":"JPPT-25-00093-b03","series-title":"Epilepsy Curr","first-page":"48","article-title":"Evidence-based guideline: treatment of convulsive status epilepticus in children and adults: reports of the Guideline Committee of the American Epilepsy Society","volume":"16","author":"Glauser","year":"2016","unstructured":"Glauser T, Shinnar S, Gloss D, et al. Evidence-based guideline: treatment of convulsive status epilepticus in children and adults: reports of the Guideline Committee of the American Epilepsy Society. Epilepsy Curr. 2016;16(1):48\u201361."},{"issue":"2-3","key":"JPPT-25-00093-b04","series-title":"Epilepsy Res","first-page":"143","article-title":"Tolerability and dosing experience of intravenous levetiracetam in children and infants","volume":"81","author":"Michaelides","year":"2008","unstructured":"Michaelides C, Thibert RL, Shapiro MJ, et al. Tolerability and dosing experience of intravenous levetiracetam in children and infants. Epilepsy Res. 2008;81(2-3):143\u2013147."},{"issue":"8","key":"JPPT-25-00093-b05","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"1865","article-title":"Rapid administration of undiluted intravenous levetiracetam","volume":"62","author":"Haller","year":"2021","unstructured":"Haller JT, Bonnin S, Radosevich J. Rapid administration of undiluted intravenous levetiracetam. Epilepsia. 2021;62(8):1865\u20131870."},{"issue":"10186","key":"JPPT-25-00093-b06","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"2135","article-title":"PREDICT Research Network. Levetiracetam versus phenytoin for second-line treatment of convulsive status epilepticus in children (ConSEPT): an open-label, multicentre, randomised controlled trial","volume":"393","author":"Dalziel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dalziel SR, Borland ML, Furyk J, et al; PREDICT Research Network. Levetiracetam versus phenytoin for second-line treatment of convulsive status epilepticus in children (ConSEPT): an open-label, multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2019;393(10186):2135\u20132145."},{"issue":"10186","key":"JPPT-25-00093-b07","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"2125","article-title":"Paediatric Emergency Research in the United Kingdom & Ireland (PERUKI) collaborative. Levetiracetam versus phenytoin for second-line treatment of paediatric convulsive status epilepticus (EcLiPSE): a multicentre, open-label, randomised trial","volume":"393","author":"Lyttle","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lyttle MD, Rainford NEA, Gamble C, et al; Paediatric Emergency Research in the United Kingdom & Ireland (PERUKI) collaborative. Levetiracetam versus phenytoin for second-line treatment of paediatric convulsive status epilepticus (EcLiPSE): a multicentre, open-label, randomised trial. Lancet. 2019;393(10186):2125\u20132134."},{"issue":"8","key":"JPPT-25-00093-b08","series-title":"J Child Neurol","first-page":"946","article-title":"Rapid infusion of a loading dose of intravenous levetiracetam with minimal dilution: a safety study","volume":"24","author":"Wheless","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wheless JW, Clarke D, Hovinga CA, et al. Rapid infusion of a loading dose of intravenous levetiracetam with minimal dilution: a safety study. J Child Neurol. 2009;24(8):946\u2013951."},{"issue":"3","key":"JPPT-25-00093-b09","series-title":"Pediatrics","first-page":"e20171904","article-title":"Subcommittee on Screening and Management of High Blood Pressure in Children. Clinical practice guideline for screening and management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents","volume":"140","author":"Flynn","year":"2017","unstructured":"Flynn JT, Kaelber DC, Baker-Smith CM, et al; Subcommittee on Screening and Management of High Blood Pressure in Children. Clinical practice guideline for screening and management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2017;140(3):e20171904."},{"issue":"2","key":"JPPT-25-00093-b10","series-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther","first-page":"239","article-title":"A method for estimating the probability of adverse drug reactions","volume":"30","author":"Naranjo","year":"1981","unstructured":"Naranjo CA, Busto U, Sellers EM, et al. A method for estimating the probability of adverse drug reactions. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1981;30(2):239\u2013245."},{"issue":"2","key":"JPPT-25-00093-b11","series-title":"J Pharm Pract","first-page":"104","article-title":"Safety of intravenous push levetiracetam in an academic children\u2019s hospital","volume":"39","author":"Santhosh","year":"2026","unstructured":"Santhosh A, Abazia D, Lise J, Awad N. Safety of intravenous push levetiracetam in an academic children\u2019s hospital. J Pharm Pract. 2026;39(2):104\u2013108."},{"issue":"2","key":"JPPT-25-00093-b12","series-title":"Pharmacotherapy","first-page":"141","article-title":"Evaluation of the safety and tolerability of intravenous undiluted levetiracetam at a pediatric institution","volume":"44","author":"Price","year":"2024","unstructured":"Price L, Garrity L, Stiehl S. Evaluation of the safety and tolerability of intravenous undiluted levetiracetam at a pediatric institution. Pharmacotherapy. 2024;44(2):141\u2013148."},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"JPPT-25-00093-b13","series-title":"J Child Neurol","first-page":"241","article-title":"Determining the safety and tolerability of rapid administration of undiluted intravenous levetiracetam in pediatrics","volume":"39","author":"Giannaccini","year":"2024","unstructured":"Giannaccini C, Almendras C, Li I, et al. Determining the safety and tolerability of rapid administration of undiluted intravenous levetiracetam in pediatrics. J Child Neurol. 2024;39(7\u20138):241\u2013245."},{"issue":"12","key":"JPPT-25-00093-b14","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"204","article-title":"Safety and tolerability of intravenous undiluted levetiracetam in pediatrics: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"65","author":"Singh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Singh R, Troelstrup D, Dahl N. Safety and tolerability of intravenous undiluted levetiracetam in pediatrics: a retrospective cohort study. Epilepsia. 2024;65(12):204\u2013208."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jppt.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/jppt\/31\/5\/article-p617.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jppt.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jppt\/31\/5\/article-p617.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jppt.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jppt\/31\/5\/article-p617.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T12:50:44Z","timestamp":1791809444000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jppt.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/jppt\/31\/5\/article-p617.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5863\/jppt-25-00093","relation":{},"ISSN":["2331-348X","1551-6776"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2331-348X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1551-6776","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}}}