{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T13:45:20Z","timestamp":1791812720958,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"The Pediatric Pharmacy Association","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) were approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in children aged 10 years and older on June 20, 2023. We describe SGLT2i prescribing trends among all specialties at a quaternary care pediatric medical center surrounding the approval of empagliflozin, then identify characteristics of patients with T2DM associated with a higher likelihood of SGLT2i prescription by pediatric endocrinologists.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n We compared the total number of new SGLT2i prescriptions sent by all specialties before and after FDA approval of empagliflozin, between July 1, 2022, and June 30, 2024. We then identified children aged 10 years and older with T2DM who were newly prescribed an SGLT2i by pediatric endocrinologists. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared with those of children with T2DM not prescribed SGLT2i.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n The number of SGLT2i prescriptions sent by pediatric endocrinologists increased, and the top prescribing specialty shifted from Cardiology to Endocrinology. Increasing glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was associated with higher odds of SGLT2i prescription (OR 1.2 [95% CI, 1.1\u20131.3]; p < 0.001) regardless of empagliflozin approval status, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or urine microalbumin\/creatinine ratio. Those prescribed SGLT2i before FDA approval were older, male, more frequently on insulin, and less frequently on metformin. These differences between groups were not seen post-approval.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n SGLT2is were more likely to be prescribed for youth with higher HBA1c by pediatric endocrinologists. The presence of risk factors for cardiovascular or renal disease was less important in the decision to prescribe SGLT2i, despite their reno- and cardioprotective effects in adults. Prospective and qualitative data would be useful in further understanding prescribing practices.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5863\/jppt-25-00116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T12:50:42Z","timestamp":1791809442000},"page":"628-637","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characteristics of Youth With Type 2 Diabetes Prescribed Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors Surrounding FDA Approval at an Academic Pediatric Medical Center"],"prefix":"10.5863","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Erika Y","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics (EYC, PN, SH, DSH), Emory University School of Medicine and Children\u2019s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Presley","family":"Nichols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics (EYC, PN, SH, DSH), Emory University School of Medicine and Children\u2019s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Jergel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Biostatistics Core (AJ), Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics (EYC, PN, SH, DSH), Emory University School of Medicine and Children\u2019s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel S","family":"Hsia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics (EYC, PN, SH, DSH), Emory University School of Medicine and Children\u2019s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3883","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"JPPT-25-00116-b01","series-title":"JAMA","first-page":"717","article-title":"Trends in prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents in the US, 2001-2017","volume":"326","author":"Lawrence","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lawrence JM, Divers J, Isom S, et al. Trends in prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents in the US, 2001-2017. JAMA. 2021;326(8):717\u2013727."},{"issue":"5","key":"JPPT-25-00116-b02","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"416","article-title":"Long-term complications in youth-onset type 2 diabetes","volume":"385","author":"Group","year":"2021","unstructured":"Group TS, Bjornstad P, Drews KL, et al. Long-term complications in youth-onset type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(5):416\u2013426."},{"issue":"Supplement_1","key":"JPPT-25-00116-b03","series-title":"Diabetes Care","first-page":"S283","article-title":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 14. Children and adolescents: standards of care in diabetes-2025","volume":"48","year":"2025","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 14. Children and adolescents: standards of care in diabetes-2025. Diabetes Care. 2025;48(Supplement_1): S283\u2013S305."},{"key":"JPPT-25-00116-b04","series-title":"Endotext [Internet]","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents - a focus on diagnosis and treatment","author":"Pinhas-Hamiel","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pinhas-Hamiel O, Zeitler P. Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents - a focus on diagnosis and treatment. In: Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Blackman MR, et al , eds. Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth, MA: MDText.com, Inc; 2000."},{"issue":"6","key":"JPPT-25-00116-b05","series-title":"Horm Res Paediatr","first-page":"555","article-title":"ISPAD clinical practice consensus guidelines 2024: type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents","volume":"97","author":"Shah","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shah AS, Barrientos-Perez M, Chang N, et al. ISPAD clinical practice consensus guidelines 2024: type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents. 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Established and emerging use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 \u00adinhibitors in pediatric population with type 2 diabetes: a case report and literature review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2025;16:1629488."},{"key":"JPPT-25-00116-b16","article-title":"SAS program for CDC growth charts","unstructured":"Center for Disease Control. SAS program for CDC growth charts. Accessed April 24, 2025. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/growth-chart-training\/hcp\/computer-programs\/sas.html."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"JPPT-25-00116-b17","series-title":"Diabetes Care","first-page":"S258","article-title":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 14. Children and adolescents: standards of care in diabetes-2024","volume":"47","year":"2024","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 14. Children and adolescents: standards of care in diabetes-2024. 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