{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T18:20:42Z","timestamp":1788373242961,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"GN1 Sistemas e Publicacoes Ltd.","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ABO"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the serum levels of thrombospondin-1, growth differentiation\nfactor-15, resolvin D1, and resolvin E1 in patients with keratoconus. Methods: Thirty-five patients with\nkeratoconus and 35 control subjects of similar age and sex were evaluated. The keratoconus group was\ndivided into four stages according to the modified Krumeich classification. Commercial kits were used\nto determine thrombospondin-1, growth differentiation factor-15, resolvin D1, and resolvin E1 levels in\nserum samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum thrombospondin-1, growth\ndifferentiation factor-15, resolvin D1, and resolvin E1 levels were compared between the patient and\ncontrol groups. Results: The keratoconus group consisted of 14 females and 21 males, and the control\ngroup consisted of 14 females and 21 males, with mean ages of 29.4\u00b18.8 and 30.0\u00b17.8 yr, respectively.\nThere were significant differences in serum thrombospondin-1, growth differentiation factor-15, resolvin\nD1, and resolvin E1 levels between the serum of the keratoconus and control groups (p=0.006, p&lt;0.001,\np&lt;0.001, and p=0.001, respectively). No significant correlations were found between keratoconus stage\nand serum thrombospondin-1, growth differentiation factor-15, resolvin D1 and resolvin E1 levels (r=\u22120.025,\np=0.892; r=\u22120.019, p=0.913; r=\u22120.036, p=0.838; and r=\u22120.108, p=0.538, respectively). Conclusion: Serum\nlevels of thrombospondin-1, growth differentiation factor-15, resolvin D1, and resolvin E1 were significantly\nlower in patients with keratoconus. These results suggest that these parameters may be associated with\nthe pathogenesis of keratoconus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5935\/0004-2749.2025-0154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T18:10:31Z","timestamp":1788372631000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Serum thrombospondin-1, growth differentiation factor-15, and resolvin D1 and E1 levels in the pathogenesis of keratoconus"],"prefix":"10.5935","volume":"89","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6671-9067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ra\u015fit","family":"K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4071-5193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u015eerife G\u00fclhan","family":"Konuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6296-2390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muzaffer","family":"Katar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0097-9812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gamze","family":"Bektur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3948","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"container-title":["Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.scielo.br\/j\/abo\/a\/6crxXjhf66grjbYhwnGn5XF\/?lang=en&ilang=pt_BR","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T18:10:32Z","timestamp":1788372632000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.scielo.br\/j\/abo\/a\/6crxXjhf66grjbYhwnGn5XF\/?lang=en&ilang=pt_BR"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5935\/0004-2749.2025-0154","relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-2749"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-2749","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}