{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T13:28:12Z","timestamp":1786973292072,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"GN1 Sistemas e Publicacoes Ltd.","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ABO"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Amblyopia is a leading, yet largely preventable, cause of visual impairment and is now recognized as\na binocular neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by interocular suppression and widespread\nfunctional deficits. This narrative review synthesizes contemporary evidence on the epidemiology,\npathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of amblyopia, with a focus on clinically applicable guidance.\nConventional treatments\u2014including optimal refractive correction, occlusion therapy, and pharmacologic\npenalization with atropine\u2014remain highly effective when appropriately prescribed, titrated, and\nmonitored for adherence, even among selected older children. Emerging binocular approaches,\nsuch as dichoptic digital therapies, perceptual learning, and short-term monocular deprivation, aim to\nrestore binocular balance. Although these strategies may yield improvements in stereopsis and contrast\nsensitivity, their effects are generally modest and task-specific. Overall, current evidence supports the\nintegration of traditional and novel approaches into etiology-specific, measurement-driven care pathways.\nFuture research should prioritize functional outcomes, long-term durability, and real-world effectiveness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5935\/0004-2749.2025-0327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T13:01:32Z","timestamp":1786971692000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Amblyopia in 2026: definitions, diagnosis, treatment, and emerging therapies"],"prefix":"10.5935","volume":"89","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3682-7048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta Melissa Benetti","family":"Zagui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3948","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"container-title":["Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.scielo.br\/j\/abo\/a\/kqw4bYKkgbJXdvns4J4TffF\/?lang=en&ilang=en","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T13:01:35Z","timestamp":1786971695000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.scielo.br\/j\/abo\/a\/kqw4bYKkgbJXdvns4J4TffF\/?lang=en&ilang=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5935\/0004-2749.2025-0327","relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-2749"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-2749","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}