{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:45:22Z","timestamp":1792172722951,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"GN1 Sistemas e Publicacoes Ltd.","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ABO"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: To determine the frequency and clinical characteristics of ophthalmologic manifestations in\nchildren aged \u226416 years with autism spectrum disorder who were evaluated at a private academic healthcare\nnetwork and a public tertiary hospital. Methods: This retrospective descriptive study was conducted\nthrough a review of the medical records of children aged &lt;16 years with autism spectrum disorder\nwho were examined between 2023 and 2024. Demographic characteristics, visual function testability,\nrefractive errors, strabismus, and prescribed treatments were analyzed. Dynamic retinoscopy was used\nto objectively assess the binocular accommodative response. Statistical analyses included 95% confidence\nintervals (Wilson score method) and exploratory multivariate logistic regression. Results: A total of 144\nchildren were included; 79.2% were male, and the mean age was 6.3\u00b12.7 years. Refractive errors were\nidentified in 81.9% of children, of whom 63.2% had clinically significant errors requiring optical correction.\nStrabismus was diagnosed in 32.6% of cases, with exotropia being the most prevalent type. Stereopsis\nwas successfully assessed in 72.2% of children. Notably, dynamic retinoscopy demonstrated perfect\nagreement (\u03ba=1.000, p&lt;0.001) with the presence of clinically significant refractive errors. Multivariate\nregression showed that increasing age was strongly associated with successful visual acuity testing,\nwhereas neurological comorbidities and greater autism spectrum disorder severity significantly increased\nthe odds of non-testability. Among children who continued follow-up, 63.9% experienced significant\nimprovement in visual acuity. Although optical correction was generally well tolerated, adherence to\nocclusion therapy was notably low (6.8%), and 42.4% of the cohort was lost to follow-up. Conclusions:\nOphthalmologic abnormalities, particularly refractive errors and strabismus, are highly prevalent among\nchildren with autism spectrum disorder. Given the limited reliability of subjective visual assessment in this\npopulation, objective measures, particularly dynamic retinoscopy and cycloplegic refraction, are essential\nfor accurate diagnosis. The substantial loss to follow-up further highlights the need for adapted clinical\nstrategies to ensure continuity of ophthalmologic care in this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5935\/0004-2749.2026-0074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T16:54:00Z","timestamp":1792169640000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ophthalmologic manifestations in children with autism spectrum disorder"],"prefix":"10.5935","volume":"89","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8973-4355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4940-8888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivana","family":"Ormaz\u00e1bal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3277-5117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geraldine","family":"Kohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9612-1877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcela","family":"Dillems","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0480-5861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodolfo","family":"Garret\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2142-5907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9sar","family":"Simonovis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3948","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"container-title":["Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.scielo.br\/j\/abo\/a\/XVK4x6jgzjtRdqtqsRvNkBH\/?lang=en&ilang=pt_BR","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T16:54:06Z","timestamp":1792169646000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.scielo.br\/j\/abo\/a\/XVK4x6jgzjtRdqtqsRvNkBH\/?lang=en&ilang=pt_BR"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5935\/0004-2749.2026-0074","relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-2749"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-2749","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}