{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T22:56:59Z","timestamp":1794265019499,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":640,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sleep Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Objectives: COVID-19 pandemic imposed a relevant number of stressful factors potentially impacting either daytime function or sleep quality. This study aimed to assess the sleep quality and anxiety among the general population living in Egypt.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Material and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1,000 individuals who have been recruited via a convenience sample. A predesigned questionnaire was distributed online to collect data on sleep quality using the validated Arabic version of the Pittsburgh sleep quality index, anxiety disorders by the generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7) scale, demographic characteristics, and clinical history.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results: Among the study participants (33.8% males, 46.2% healthcare workers, 25% had chronic diseases, 30.1% were physically active during lockdown, and 70.3% reported work termination due to COVID-19 infection, 68.4% complained of bad sleep and 70.3% showed clinically significant levels of anxiety). In multiple logistic regression analysis, bad sleep quality was significantly associated with moderate anxiety (OR: 1.88; [95% CI: 1.37-2.60]), severe anxiety (OR: 3.15; [95% CI: 2.18-4.55]), being physically active (OR: 0.53; [95% CI: 0.39-0.71]), received higher education as being postgraduate (OR: 0.56; [95% CI: 0.35-0.92]), or living with family (OR: 0.74; [95% CI :0.56-0.98]).The GAD-7 scale added 8% discrimination power for prediction of bad sleep quality compared to the model based on demographic and clinical data [with GAD: AUC=0.70, p&lt;0.001; without GAD: AUC=0.62, p&lt;0.001].<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion: COVID-19 had a significant impact on sleep quality and anxiety among Egyptians. Since both the conditions may overlap and potentiate each other leading to chronic dysfunctional outcomes, an accurate assessment and clinical approach may favor a better prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5935\/1984-0063.20210020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]],"date-time":"2022-05-16T20:25:52Z","timestamp":1652732752000},"page":"8-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Sleep quality and anxiety among Egyptian population during covid-19 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Samar Abd","family":"ElHafeez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Epidemioloy Department - Alexandria - Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6076-0878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel Meira e","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon School of Medicine, Sleep Unit - Lisbon - Portugal."},{"name":"Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Clinical Cronobiology and Sleep Medicine Group - Bahia - Brazil."},{"name":"Faculdade S\u00e3o Leopoldo Mandic, Neuroimune Pain Interface Lab - Campinas - S\u00e3o Paulo - Brazil."},{"name":"Centro Europeu do Sono, R&D Lab - Lisboa - Portugal."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salma","family":"Gouda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Badr University - Cairo - Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwa","family":"Nofal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helwan Mental Health Hospital, Sleep - Cairo - Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdalrahman","family":"Fayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Health Administration and Behavioral Science Department - Alexandria - Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramy Mohamed","family":"Ghazy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Tropical Health Department - Alexandria - Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaidaa","family":"Mekky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Neuropsychiatry Department - Alexandria - Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"container-title":["Sleep Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.5935\/1984-0063.20210020.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T23:34:32Z","timestamp":1701473672000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.5935\/1984-0063.20210020"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"01","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5935\/1984-0063.20210020","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1984-0659","1984-0063"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1984-0659","type":"print"},{"value":"1984-0063","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}}}