{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T06:54:49Z","timestamp":1775631289891,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":548,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sleep Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n          Objectives Physiological and restorative sleep is fundamental for physical and mental well-being. Polysomnography parameters are objective methods to access sleep structure. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are a group of drugs whose interference in the sleep structure is still not well known, especially in what concern the new ones. We did a systematic review of the literature to compare the effect of classic and newer AEDs on sleep architecture.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Material and Methods A search was performed in PubMed and Scopus, using keywords \u201csleep\u201d and \u201cantiepileptics\u201d, and each AED combined with \u201csleep\u201d. Only studies concerning objective measures were selected.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results 63 articles were included, only 21 were randomized, controlled and double-blinded. Studies not only in epilepsy, but also in restless leg syndrome, bruxism, insomnia, fibromyalgia and obstructive sleep apnea were found. Among classic AEDs, carbamazepine has a negative effect on sleep while phenobarbitone has a slightly dose-dependent interference and is also the only one to reduce N3 stage. Valproic acid has little to no effect while clobazam and clonazepam have a positive effect. No conclusion can be drawn about phenytoin. All of them reduce REM stage. In the newer AEDs group gabapentine, lamotrigine, perampanel, pregabaline and tiagabine increase N3 sleep in best evidence. Lacosamide and zonisamide appear to be innocent while levetiracetam reduces REM sleep.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion Studies found used different methodologies not always addressing the analysis on the same parameters. In spite of these, newer AEDs have less effects on sleep structure when compared with classic AEDs but furthermore robust evidence is needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5935\/1984-0063.20220045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]],"date-time":"2022-06-03T11:42:53Z","timestamp":1654256573000},"page":"224-244","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Effects of antiepileptic drugs on sleep architecture parameters in adults"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5061-6389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno Miguel Santos","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Porto, Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences - Porto - Portugal."}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Chaves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Servi\u00e7o de Neurologia, Departamento Neuroci\u00eancias, Hospital de Santo Ant\u00f3nio - Porto - Portugal."},{"name":"University of Porto, UMIB - Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Biom\u00e9dica, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto - Porto - Portugal."}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio Martins da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Porto, UMIB - Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Biom\u00e9dica, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto - Porto - Portugal."},{"name":"Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Servi\u00e7o de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Neuroci\u00eancias, Hospital de Santo Ant\u00f3nio - Porto - Portugal."}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"container-title":["Sleep Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.5935\/1984-0063.20220045.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T23:37:53Z","timestamp":1701473873000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.5935\/1984-0063.20220045"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"02","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5935\/1984-0063.20220045","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1984-0659","1984-0063"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1984-0659","type":"print"},{"value":"1984-0063","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}}}