{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T15:05:38Z","timestamp":1782486338364,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishing","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"DOI":"10.59556\/japi.72.0516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T07:11:47Z","timestamp":1751872307000},"page":"54-58","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cilnidipine, a Dual L\/N-type Ca2+ Channel Blocker in Hypertension Management: A Review"],"prefix":"10.59556","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Ketan K","family":"Mehta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mangesh","family":"Tiwaskar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prabhu","family":"Kasture","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2914","reference":[{"issue":"(2):","key":"key20250707071142_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121\u2013","DOI":"10.1177\/1074248414555403","article-title":"Calcium channel blockers and hypertension.","volume":"20","author":"Tocci","year":"2015;","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"key20250707071142_B2","unstructured":"Shete MM. Cilnidipine: Next Generation Calcium Channel Blocker. Available at: https:\/\/www.japi.org\/r264b474\/cilnidipine-next-generation-calcium-channel-blocker accessed Oct 10, 2023."},{"issue":"(5):","key":"key20250707071142_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507\u2013","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.284427","article-title":"Evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8).","volume":"311","author":"James","year":"2014;","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"key20250707071142_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576\u2013","DOI":"10.1007\/s13410-022-01143-7","article-title":"RSSDI Guidelines for the management of hypertension in patients with diabetes mellitus.","volume":"42","author":"Kumar","year":"2022;","journal-title":"Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries"},{"issue":"(12):","key":"key20250707071142_B5","first-page":"11\u2013","article-title":"A randomized open-label parallel-group study comparing the efficacy and safety of cilnidipine and amlodipine in hypertensive adults.","volume":"69","author":"Kagoo","year":"2022;","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"key20250707071142_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691\u2013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ihj.2013.11.001","article-title":"The fourth-generation calcium channel blocker: cilnidipine.","volume":"65:","author":"Chandra","year":"2013;","journal-title":"Indian Heart J"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"key20250707071142_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124\u2013","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-5922.2009.00079.x","article-title":"cilnidipine: a new generation Ca2+ channel blocker with inhibitory action on sympathetic neurotransmitter release.","volume":"27","author":"Takahara","year":"2009;","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Ther"},{"key":"key20250707071142_B8","first-page":"47\u2013","article-title":"Excellent tolerance to cilnidipine in hypertensives with amlodipine - induced edema.","volume":"591","author":"Shetty","year":"2013;","journal-title":"North Am J Med Sci"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"key20250707071142_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40\u2013","DOI":"10.2174\/1871525721666230224111518","article-title":"A comprehensive insight on pharmacological properties of cilnidipine: a fourth-generation calcium channel blocker.","volume":"22","author":"Kadian","year":"2024;","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Hematol Agent Med Chem"},{"issue":"(12):","key":"key20250707071142_B10","first-page":"27\u2013","article-title":"Calcium channel blockers induced pedal edema: mechanism and treatment options: review.","volume":"2","author":"Shetty","year":"2015;","journal-title":"IJSAR"},{"issue":"(11):","key":"key20250707071142_B11","first-page":"e19822.","article-title":"Efficacy of cilnidipine (L\/N-type calcium channel blocker) in treatment of hypertension: a meta-analysis of randomized and non-randomized controlled trials.","volume":"13","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2021;","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"key20250707071142_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56\u2013","DOI":"10.2174\/187152912801823165","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of cilnidipine on mild to moderate essential hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in Chinese patients.","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2012;","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"key20250707071142_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43\u2013","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007795722576","article-title":"Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in patients with essential hypertension treated with a new calcium antagonist, cilnidipine.","volume":"11","author":"Tominaga","year":"1997;","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Drugs Ther"},{"issue":"(6):","key":"key20250707071142_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615\u2013","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.2000.00299.x","article-title":"Effects of cilnidipine, a novel dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, on autonomic function, ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate in patients with essential hypertension.","volume":"50","author":"Minami","year":"2000;","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"key20250707071142_B15","first-page":"648\u2013","article-title":"A comparative study to assess the effectiveness and safety of cilnidipine versus amlodipine in patients with newly diagnosed essential hypertension: insights from a single centre prospective observational study.","volume":"6","author":"YS","year":"2017;","journal-title":"IJBCP"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"key20250707071142_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68\u2013","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-200401000-00011","article-title":"Effect of morning and bedtime dosing with cilnidipine on blood pressure, heart rate, and sympathetic nervous activity in essential hypertensive patients.","volume":"43","author":"Kitahara","year":"2004;","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"issue":"(12):","key":"key20250707071142_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003\u2013","DOI":"10.1291\/hypres.28.1003","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of cilnidipine and amlodipine on ambulatory","volume":"28","author":"Hoshide","year":"2005;","journal-title":"blood pressure. Hypertens Res"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"key20250707071142_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339\u2013","DOI":"10.1291\/hypres.29.339","article-title":"Beneficial effect of cilnidipine on morning hypertension and white-coat effect in patients with essential hypertension.","volume":"29","author":"Yamagishi","year":"2006;","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"issue":"(10):","key":"key20250707071142_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053\u2013","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(01)02159-8","article-title":"Reduction of white coat effect by cilnidipine in essential hypertension.","volume":"14","author":"Morimoto","year":"2001;","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"key20250707071142_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410\u2013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jash.2011.03.008","article-title":"Effects of the L\/N-type calcium channel antagonist cilnidipine on morning blood pressure control and peripheral edema formation.","volume":"5","author":"Narita","year":"2011;","journal-title":"J Am Soc Hypertens"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"key20250707071142_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133\u2013","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.12042","article-title":"The effects of the L\/N-type calcium channel blocker (cilnidipine) on sympathetic hyperactive morning hypertension: results from ACHIEVE-ONE*.","volume":"15","author":"Kario","year":"2013;","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"issue":"(10):","key":"key20250707071142_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2178\u2013","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e3282c2fa62","article-title":"Renal and vascular protective effects of cilnidipine in patients with essential hypertension.","volume":"25","author":"Morimoto","year":"2007;","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"(11):","key":"key20250707071142_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058\u2013","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2012.96","article-title":"Renoprotective and antioxidant effects of cilnidipine in hypertensive patients.","volume":"35","author":"Soeki","year":"2012;","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"key20250707071142_B24","first-page":"6653851.","article-title":"Effects of L-\/N type calcium channel blockers on angiotensin II\u2013renin feedback in hypertensive patients.","volume":"2022:","author":"Kawabata","year":"2020;","journal-title":"Int J Hypertens"},{"issue":"(6):","key":"key20250707071142_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379\u2013","DOI":"10.1291\/hypres.27.379","article-title":"Comparison between cilnidipine and amlodipine besilate with respect to proteinuria in hypertensive patients with renal diseases.","volume":"27","author":"Kojima","year":"2004;","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"issue":"(8):","key":"key20250707071142_B26","first-page":"e27847.","article-title":"Renal function in hypertensive patients receiving cilnidipine and L-type calcium channel blockers: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled and retrospective studies.","volume":"14","author":"Srivathsan","year":"2022;","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"key20250707071142_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417\u2013","DOI":"10.1177\/147323001204000420","article-title":"Switching to an L\/N-type calcium channel blocker shows renoprotective effects in patients with chronic kidney disease: the Kyoto Cilnidipine Study.","volume":"40","author":"Hatta","year":"2012;","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"key20250707071142_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91\u2013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2012.01.024","article-title":"Antialbuminuric advantage of cilnidipine compared with L-type calcium channel blockers in type 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria and microalbuminuria.","volume":"97","author":"Fukumoto","year":"2012;","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"key20250707071142_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602\u2013","DOI":"10.1177\/147323001003800222","article-title":"The L\/N-type calcium channel blocker, cilnidipine, reduces heart rate and albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes.","volume":"38","author":"Tanaka","year":"2010;","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"key20250707071142_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202\u2013","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12003","article-title":"Comparison of effects of cilnidipine and azelnidipine on blood pressure, heart rate and albuminuria in type 2 diabetics with hypertension: a pilot study.","volume":"4","author":"Abe","year":"2013;","journal-title":"J Diabetes Investig"},{"issue":"(6):","key":"key20250707071142_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400\u2013","DOI":"10.3109\/10641961003667914","article-title":"Antiproteinuric effect of cilnidipine in hypertensive Japanese treated with renin-angiotensin-system inhibitors - a multicenter, open, randomized trial using 24-hour urine collection.","volume":"32","author":"Miwa","year":"2010;","journal-title":"Clin Exp Hypertens"},{"issue":"(10):","key":"key20250707071142_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746\u2013","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.12412","article-title":"Effects of the N\/L-type calcium channel blocker cilnidipine on nephropathy and uric acid metabolism in hypertensive patients with chronic kidney disease (J-CIRCLE Study).","volume":"16","author":"Uchida","year":"2014;","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"key":"key20250707071142_B33","first-page":"144\u2013","article-title":"Evaluation of renoprotective effect of cilnidipine in patients with mild to moderate hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus - a prospective study.","volume":"14:","author":"Ramya","year":"2021;","journal-title":"Asian J Pharm Clin Res"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"key20250707071142_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81\u2013","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-4040.154543","article-title":"Comparison of amlodipine with cilnidipine on antihypertensive efficacy and incidence of pedal edema in mild to moderate hypertensive individuals: a prospective study.","volume":"6","author":"Adake","year":"2015;","journal-title":"J Adv Pharm Technol Res"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"key20250707071142_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262\u2013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2009.05.012","article-title":"Cardioprotective effect of an L\/N-type calcium channel blocker in patients with hypertensive heart disease.","volume":"54","author":"Kosaka","year":"2009;","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"key20250707071142_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33\u2013","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0b013e31802bfdee","article-title":"Cilnidipine improves left ventricular midwall function independently of blood pressure changes in Chinese patients with hypertension.","volume":"49","author":"Ma","year":"2007;","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"key20250707071142_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305\u2013","DOI":"10.1253\/jcj.65.305","article-title":"Effect of cilnidipine on left ventricular diastolic function in hypertensive patients as assessed by pulsed Doppler echocardiography and pulsed tissue Doppler imaging.","volume":"65","author":"Onose","year":"2001;","journal-title":"Jpn Circ J"},{"issue":"(8):","key":"key20250707071142_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1848\u2013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.04.023","article-title":"Evaluation of the differences in the effects of antihypertensive drugs on blood pressure variability by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in chronic cerebrovascular disease.","volume":"24","author":"Nishioka","year":"2015;","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"key20250707071142_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225\u2013","DOI":"10.1080\/10641963.2016.1235183","article-title":"Blood pressure control with cilnidipine treatment in Japanese post-stroke hypertensive patients: the CA-ATTEND study.","volume":"39","author":"Aoki","year":"2017;","journal-title":"Clin Exp Hypertens"},{"issue":"(9):","key":"key20250707071142_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815\u2013","DOI":"10.1291\/hypres.30.815","article-title":"The effect of combination therapy with an L\/N-Type Ca (2+) channel blocker, cilnidipine, and an angiotensin II receptor blocker on the blood pressure and heart rate in Japanese hypertensive patients: an observational study conducted in Japan.","volume":"30","author":"Nagahama","year":"2007;","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"issue":"(8):","key":"key20250707071142_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16866\u2013","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms140816866","article-title":"L\/N-type calcium channel blocker cilnidipine added to renin-angiotensin inhibition improves ambulatory blood pressure profile and suppresses cardiac hypertrophy in hypertension with chronic kidney disease.","volume":"14","author":"Kanaoka","year":"2013;","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"key20250707071142_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173\u2013","DOI":"10.14740\/cr497w","article-title":"Serum triglyceride lowering effect of cilnidipine in patients with essential hypertension.","volume":"7","author":"Kumar","year":"2016;","journal-title":"Cardiol Res"},{"issue":"(69):","key":"key20250707071142_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42\u2013","DOI":"10.3126\/kumj.v18i1.33359","article-title":"An open label prospective study on evaluation of safety and efficacy of cilnidipine over amlodipine in stage 1 hypertensive patients.","volume":"18","author":"Harlalka","year":"2020;","journal-title":"Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ)"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"key20250707071142_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480\u2013","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-012-0274-1","article-title":"L\/N-type calcium channel blocker cilnidipine reduces plasma aldosterone, albuminuria, and urinary liver-type fatty acid binding protein in patients with chronic kidney disease.","volume":"28","author":"Abe","year":"2013;","journal-title":"Heart Vessels"},{"issue":"(12):","key":"key20250707071142_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543\u2013","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002623","article-title":"Antiproteinuric effect of the calcium channel blocker cilnidipine added to renin-angiotensin inhibition in hypertensive patients with chronic renal disease.","volume":"72","author":"Fujita","year":"2007;","journal-title":"Kidney Int"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Association of Physicians of India"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T07:11:53Z","timestamp":1751872313000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.japi.org\/article\/japi-72-4-54"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.59556\/japi.72.0516"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59556\/japi.72.0516","relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-5772"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-5772","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}}}