{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T13:36:19Z","timestamp":1785245779373,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishing","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAPI"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Lyme disease (LD) is a multisystem inflammatory zoonosis affecting the skin, heart, nervous system, \nand joints, transmitted by ticks and caused by infection with species of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu \nlato (B. burgdorferi s.l.) complex. It is the most common emerging vector-borne disease in the United \nStates. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimated the annual occurrence of \n3,29,000 cases of LD in the United States during 2005\u20132010, and it increased to 4,76,000 during \n2010\u20132018. The incidence of various clinical manifestations of LD differs among countries or regions \nbased on the prevalent genospecies of the B. burgdorferi s.l. complex responsible for infection. \nTicks of Ixodes spp. are the main vectors involved in the transmission of LD, which occurs mainly \nduring the spring season. However, in North America and Europe, there is a rise in temperature \ndue to global warming, leading to the extension of tick habitats toward northern areas. These \nticks now stay active for an extended period of the year, increasing the chances of transmission to \nhumans, and it is postulated to be one of the reasons responsible for the rising cases of LD. Early \ndiagnosis and treatment with appropriate antibiotics can resolve the early manifestations of LD \nand prevent subsequent complications, which are known to occur if not treated appropriately.\nThe disease is most common in rural areas and is difficult to differentiate clinically from other \ntropical infections such as rickettsial infections. The literature on LD in India is limited; however, \nLD has been reported from at least 12 states of India. A recently concluded study by the Indian \nCouncil of Medical Research (ICMR) has documented the seroprevalence of this disease in eight sites \nsituated in areas of North (Himachal Pradesh and Haryana) and Northeast India (Meghalaya, Assam, \nMizoram, and Tripura). LD remains grossly underdiagnosed in India. The lack of awareness among \nclinicians regarding the prevalence of LD and the limited availability of diagnostic investigations \nmay have contributed toward it. LD should no longer be confined to textbooks, but it should find a \nplace in the list of differential diagnoses in clinical practice. This review is an endeavor to sensitize \nphysicians regarding LD and its impending rise worldwide due to global warming.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.59556\/japi.73.1082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T10:07:01Z","timestamp":1766398021000},"page":"e17-e24","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Lyme Disease: An Emerging Threat"],"prefix":"10.59556","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Sanjay K","family":"Mahajan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Komal","family":"Ahire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2914","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"container-title":["Journal of the Association of Physicians of India"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T10:07:03Z","timestamp":1766398023000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/japi.org\/article\/japi-73-12-e17"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59556\/japi.73.1082","relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-5772"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-5772","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]}}}