{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T15:16:42Z","timestamp":1788362202357,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Leibniz Institute for Psychology (ZPID)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ejop.psychopen.eu"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur. J. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The high-five model (HFM) categorizes five positive human characteristics\u2014erudition, peace, joviality, honesty, and tenacity \u2014 on the basis of an inductive psycholexical approach. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive power of the HFM in a sample of university students to assess whether these traits could predict optimal functioning after 20 months. Optimal functioning was defined as high academic performance; emotional, personal, and social well-being; and low levels of psychopathology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study included 136 university students with a mean age of 30.8 years (\n                      <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1.86; 83% female; 17% male). The predictor variables were high factors (HFI \u2013 High Five Inventory \u2013), and the criterion variables were emotional, personal, and social well-being (Mental Health Continuum-Short Form \u2013 MHC-SF \u2013), psychopathological symptoms (Symptom Checklist-27, SCL-27), and academic achievement (self-reported academic grades). The data were analyzed both cross-sectionally and longitudinally.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The findings indicated that the HFI, particularly the factors of Honesty (\u03b2 = .64,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .05) and Tenacity (\u03b2 = .49,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .01), demonstrated high predictive power in identifying profiles of optimal functioning (high complete mental well-being) in university students after 20 months. The predictive power of the model was greater when predictors and criteria were analyzed cross-sectionally rather than longitudinally (explaining 35% vs. 17% of the variance).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HFM effectively distinguished between high- and low-complete mental well-being groups both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, demonstrating its robustness in predicting optimal functioning at various time points.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5964\/ejop.15589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T07:17:25Z","timestamp":1780039045000},"page":"175-193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5964\/psychopen.cmp","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The High Five Model as a predictor of optimal functioning in university students: A longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.5964","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1406-0378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana Garc\u00eda","family":"Dilba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4639-3706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro Castro","family":"Solano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1941","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000226"},{"key":"r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.661278"},{"key":"r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jopy.12853"},{"key":"r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0011000018786950"},{"key":"r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18682\/pd.v17i2.712"},{"key":"r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5964\/ejop.v15i4.1759"},{"key":"r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22235\/cp.v18i1.3286"},{"key":"r8","unstructured":"Castro-Solano, A., & Garcia Dilba, D. 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