{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T17:05:24Z","timestamp":1753895124662,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Leibniz Institute for Psychology (ZPID)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["sotrap.psychopen.eu"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sex. Offending"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of indecent images of children (IIOC) is of continued concern and growing prevalence. A multi-agency approach to this online crime is necessary, as it cannot be eradicated by law enforcement alone. Previous research has examined the pathways to offending for this population, and prevention strategies that could be used to deter offending in the first instance, or to stop behaviour once it has begun. The current qualitative study aimed to explore acceptability of a prevention initiative; a self-help focussed service (a website and calls with a professional). Semi-structured interviews with eight individuals who had accessed IIOC and engaged in this self-help focussed service were conducted. Transcripts were analysed using qualitative framework approach, using the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability (TFA) domains as deductive codes. All seven domains of the TFA were identified in the transcripts, indicating the applicability of the framework. Overall, participants reported mixed acceptability of and satisfaction with the self-help programme and calls with practitioners, but high perceived effectiveness in the service supporting them stop their illegal behaviours. The implications of the study are considered in line with improvements that could be made to this existing self-help prevention initiative.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5964\/sotrap.11159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T08:16:33Z","timestamp":1733213793000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5964\/psychopen.cmp","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Acceptability of a self-help programme to address the use of indecent images of children"],"prefix":"10.5964","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Wefers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Rasooli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donald","family":"Findlater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1941","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5964\/sotrap.6657"},{"key":"r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063211423944"},{"key":"r3","unstructured":"Bryce, J., Livingstone, S., Davidson, J., Hall, B., & Smith, J. (2023, November). Evidence review on online risks to children. NSPCC."},{"key":"r4","unstructured":"Bundeskriminalamt (Federal German Police). (2022, May 30). Anstieg bei Verbreitung, Erwerb, Besitz und Herstellung von Darstellungen sexualisierter Gewalt gegen Kinder im Jahr 2021: Vorstellung der Zahlen kindlicher Gewaltopfer [Increase in distribution, acquisition, possession and production of material showing sexualised violence against children in the year 2021: Presentation of numbers of child victims]. https:\/\/www.bka.de\/SharedDocs\/Kurzmeldungen\/DE\/Kurzmeldungen\/220530_PK_KindlicheGewaltopfer2021.html"},{"key":"r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2094589"},{"key":"r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X03253018"},{"key":"r7","unstructured":"EUROPOL. (2020, June 19). Exploiting isolation: Offenders and victims of online child sexual abuse during the COVID-19 pandemic. https:\/\/www.europol.europa.eu\/publications-events\/publications\/exploiting-isolation-offenders-and-victims-of-online-child-sexual-abuse-during-covid-19-pandemic"},{"key":"r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-13-117"},{"key":"r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101752"},{"key":"r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.03.031"},{"key":"r11","unstructured":"Internet Watch Foundation. (2020). IWF 2019 Annual Report: Zero Tolerance. IWF. https:\/\/www.iwf.org.uk\/report\/iwf-2019-annual-report-zero-tolerance"},{"key":"r12","unstructured":"Internet Watch Foundation. (n.d.). The Annual Report 2021. IWF. https:\/\/annualreport2021.iwf.org.uk"},{"key":"r13","unstructured":"Kettleborough, D., Merdian, H., Roberts, A., & Perkins, D. (2016, July). Online users of child sexual exploitation material (CSEM) [Poster presentation]. College of Social Science Research Showcase, Lincoln, United Kingdom."},{"key":"r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2022.568"},{"key":"r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2022.100590"},{"key":"r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2016.1276116"},{"key":"r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.4201"},{"key":"r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107906329901100402"},{"key":"r19","unstructured":"Mee, E. (2020, April 13). More young British men 'exploring' online paedophilia, police warn. Sky News: UK Edition.https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/more-young-british-men-exploring-online-paedophilia-police-warn-11972571"},{"key":"r20","unstructured":"NSPCC. (2021, December 3). Child abuse image crimes in the UK have risen \u2013 We urgently need a stronger Online Safety Bill.https:\/\/www.nspcc.org.uk\/about-us\/news-opinion\/2021\/indecent-image-offences-online-safety-bill\/"},{"key":"r21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pennebaker, J., Zech, E., & Rim\u00e9, B. (2001). Disclosing and sharing emotion: Psychological, social and health consequences. In M. Stroebe, W. Stroebe, R. O. Hansson, & H. Schut (Eds.), Handbook of bereavement research: Consequences, coping, and care (pp. 517-539). American Psychological Association. http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/2078.1\/92730","DOI":"10.1037\/10436-022"},{"key":"r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10790632211013809"},{"key":"r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-024-05605-6"},{"key":"r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.03522"},{"key":"r25","unstructured":"Sawer, P. (2017, February 28). Police chief calls for paedophiles who view child abuse images to be spared prosecution as officers 'can't cope' with volume of reports. The Telegraph.https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2017\/02\/28\/police-chief-calls-low-risk-paedophiles-spared-jail-officers"},{"key":"r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-017-2031-8"},{"key":"r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n2061"},{"key":"r28","unstructured":"Smallbone, S. W., Marshall, W. L., & Wortley, R. (2008). Preventing child sexual abuse: Evidence, policy and practice. William Publishing."},{"key":"r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380221082080"},{"key":"r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0275576"},{"key":"r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-1789(01)00076-3"},{"key":"r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-90307-1_52-1"},{"key":"r33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wortley, R., & Smallbone, S. W. (2012). Internet child pornography: Causes, investigation, and prevention. 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