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Therapeutic quantities of potent hOMSC can be generated from small biopsies obtained by minimally invasive procedures. Our objective was to evaluate the potential of hOMSC to differentiate into astrocyte-like cells and provide peripheral neuroprotection. We induced hOMSC differentiation into cells showing an astrocyte-like morphology that expressed characteristic astrocyte markers as glial fibrillary acidic protein, S100\u03b2, and the excitatory amino acid transporter 1 and secreted neurotrophic factors (NTF) such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, and insulin-like growth factor 1. Conditioned medium of the induced cells rescued motor neurons from hypoxia or oxidative stress in vitro, suggesting a neuroprotective effect mediated by soluble factors. Given the neuronal support (NS) ability of the cells, the differentiated cells were termed hOMSC-NS. Rats subjected to sciatic nerve injury and transplanted with hOMSC-NS showed improved motor function after transplantation. At the graft site we found the transplanted cells, increased levels of NTF, and a significant preservation of functional neuromuscular junctions, as evidenced by colocalization of \u03b1-bungarotoxin and synaptophysin. Our findings show for the first time that hOMSC-NS generated from oral mucosa exhibit neuroprotective effects in vitro and in vivo and point to their future therapeutic use in neural disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5966\/sctm.2013-0074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,30]],"date-time":"2014-01-30T03:52:16Z","timestamp":1391053936000},"page":"375-386","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Astrocyte-Like Cells Derived From Human Oral Mucosa Stem Cells Provide Neuroprotection In Vitro and In Vivo"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Javier","family":"Ganz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center-Rabin Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ina","family":"Arie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Biology Department, School of Dental 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