{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T22:57:01Z","timestamp":1776121021275,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,5]],"date-time":"2014-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1399248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title\/>\n                  <jats:p>This research demonstrates the regenerative effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the injured anal sphincter by comparing anal sphincter pressures following intramuscular and serial intravascular MSC infusion in a rat model of anal sphincter injury. Fifty rats were divided into injury (n = 35) and no injury (NI; n = 15) groups. Each group was further divided into i.m., serial i.v., or no-treatment (n = 5) groups and followed for 5 weeks. The injury consisted of an excision of 25% of the anal sphincter complex. Twenty-four hours after injury, 5 \u00d7 105 green fluorescent protein-labeled MSCs in 0.2 ml of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or PBS alone (sham) were injected into the anal sphincter for i.m. treatment; i.v. and sham i.v. treatments were delivered daily for 6 consecutive days via the tail vein. Anal pressures were recorded before injury and 10 days and 5 weeks after treatment. Ten days after i.m. MSC treatment, resting and peak pressures were significantly increased compared with those in sham i.m. treatment (p &amp;lt; .001). When compared with the NI group, the injury groups had anal pressures that were not significantly different 5 weeks after i.m.\/i.v. treatment. Both resting and peak pressures were also significantly increased after i.m.\/i.v. MSC treatment compared with treatment with PBS (p &amp;lt; .001), suggesting recovery. Statistical analysis was done using paired t test with Bonferroni correction. Marked decrease in fibrosis and scar tissue was seen in both MSC-treated groups. Both i.m. and i.v. MSC treatment after injury caused an increase in anal pressures sustained at 5 weeks, although fewer cells were injected i.m. The MSC-treated groups showed less scarring than the PBS-treated groups, with the i.v. infusion group showing the least scarring.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5966\/sctm.2013-0157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,6]],"date-time":"2014-05-06T02:57:25Z","timestamp":1399345045000},"page":"760-767","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Functional Outcome After Anal Sphincter Injury and Treatment With Mesenchymal Stem Cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Levilester","family":"Salcedo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Penn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Summa Cardiovascular Institute and Northeast Ohio Medical University, Akron, Ohio, 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