{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T06:04:35Z","timestamp":1774937075077,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"JCFCorp SG PTE LTD","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["am j health behav"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold> The purpose of this study was to select a health warning message location on a waterpipe (WP) that both attracted visual attention and conveyed the risks associated with WP smoking. <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> During June through November 2019, we conducted a within-subjects\n randomized experiment (N = 74) using eye tracking equipment to examine visual attention to 3 placements of a health warning on the WP (stem, water bowl, hose). We asked young adult ever WP users 3 questions about WP harm perceptions. We used generalized linear mixed models to examine the amount\n of fixation time spent on the placement locations; we used repeated measures ANOVA to model changes in harm perceptions. <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> There were statistically significant differences across all 3 placement locations; regardless of place, all HWLs attracted a comparable amount of visual\n attention. Absolute WP harm perceptions significantly increased following the experiment and remained significantly higher at the one-week follow-up, compared to baseline. <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> Warnings on WPs attracted visual attention and increased harm perceptions, and those harm perceptions\n remained high one week after the experiment. Findings indicate the value of including a warning on the WP device, and underscore the necessity and effectiveness of those health warnings to combat WP harm misperceptions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5993\/ajhb.45.1.15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T04:44:36Z","timestamp":1609908276000},"page":"186-194","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Waterpipe Warning Placement and Risk Perceptions: An Eye Tracking Study"],"prefix":"10.5993","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth G.","family":"Klein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Elizabeth G. Klein, Associate Professor, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, United States;, Email: klein.232@osu.edu"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahmood A.","family":"Alalwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mahmood A. Alalwan, Student Research Assistant, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael L.","family":"Pennell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michael L. Pennell, Associate Professor, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Angeles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Angeles, Graduate Research Assistant, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marielle C.","family":"Brinkman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marielle C. Brinkman, Senior Research Scientist, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brittney","family":"Keller-Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brittney Keller-Hamilton, Research Scientist, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan E.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Megan E. Roberts, Assistant Professor, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Nini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul Nini, Professor, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy K.","family":"Ferketich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amy K. Ferketich, United States, Professor, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"26169","container-title":["American Journal of Health Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/png\/ajhb\/2021\/00000045\/00000001\/art00015","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T04:44:36Z","timestamp":1609908276000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/10.5993\/AJHB.45.1.15"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]}},"alternative-id":["1087-3244(20210101)45:1L.186;1-"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5993\/ajhb.45.1.15","relation":{},"ISSN":["1087-3244"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1087-3244","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]}}}