{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T14:46:03Z","timestamp":1774363563527,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3773,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n          Background  The soft palate functions as a valve and helps generate the oral pressure required for normal speech resonance. Speech problems and nasal regurgitation can result from a soft palatal defect. Reduction of the size of the velopharyngeal orifice is required to compensate for the lack of mobility in a reconstructed soft palate. We suggest a large volume folded free flap for reduction of the caliber and a palmaris longus tendon sling for suspension of the reconstructed palate.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods  Six patients had total soft palate resection for tonsillar cancer and reconstruction with a large volume folded radial forearm free flap combined with a palmaris longus sling. A single surgeon and speech therapist examined the patients with three standardized speech assessment tools: nasometer test, consonant articulation test, and speech acuity test performed for speech evaluation.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results  Mean nasalance score was 76.20% for sentences with nasal sounds and 43.60% for sentences with oral sounds. Hypernasality was seen for oral sound sentences. The mean score of the picture consonant articulation test was 84% (range, 63% to 100%). The mean score of the speech acuity test was 5.84 (range, 5 to 6). These mean ratings represent a satisfactory level of speech function.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusions  The large volume folded free flap with a palmaris longus tendon sling for total soft palate reconstruction resulted in satisfactory prognosis for speech despite moderate hypernasality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2012.39.1.25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,7]],"date-time":"2012-02-07T05:34:21Z","timestamp":1328592861000},"page":"25-30","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Reconstruction of a Total Soft Palatal Defect Using a Folded Radial Forearm Free Flap and Palmaris Longus Tendon Sling"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Myung Chul","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yonsei University Severance Medical Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong Won","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yonsei University Severance Medical Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong Kyun","family":"Rah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yonsei University Severance Medical Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Won Jai","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yonsei University Severance Medical Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200305000-00023","article-title":"Functional outcomes after primary oropharyngeal cancer resection and reconstruction with the radial forearm free flap","volume":"113","author":"H Seikaly","year":"2003","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1177\/014556130408300116","article-title":"Functional outcomes following palatal reconstruction with a folded radial forearm free flap","volume":"83","author":"UK Sinha","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2007.07.023","article-title":"The folded radial forearm flap in soft-palate and tonsillary fossa reconstruction: technical note","volume":"37","author":"F Biglioli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0347(199709)19:6<524::AID-HED10>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"Functional outcome in soft palate reconstruction using a radial forearm free flap in conjunction with a superiorly based pharyngeal flap","volume":"19","author":"JS Brown","year":"1997","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2004.09.007","article-title":"Speech and swallowing following radial forearm flap reconstruction of major soft palate defects","volume":"58","author":"D McCombe","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.21093","article-title":"Radial forearm-palmaris longus tenocutaneous free flap; implication in the repair of the moderate-sized postoncologic soft palate defect","volume":"31","author":"TS Roh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2003.44.6.1078","article-title":"Standardization of flap design for oropharyngeal reconstruction after cancer ablation surgery","volume":"44","author":"DH Lew","year":"2003","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3342\/ceo.2008.1.3.161","article-title":"Functional benefit after modification of radial forearm free flap for soft palate reconstruction","volume":"1","author":"JH Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.20884","article-title":"Speech outcomes after soft palate reconstruction with the soft palate insufficiency repair procedure","volume":"30","author":"JM Rieger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.20919","article-title":"Functional soft palate reconstruction: a comprehensive surgical approach","volume":"30","author":"H Seikaly","year":"2008","journal-title":"Head Neck"}],"container-title":["Archives of Plastic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.5999\/aps.2012.39.1.25.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T22:30:58Z","timestamp":1651444258000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.5999\/aps.2012.39.1.25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"01","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5999\/aps.2012.39.1.25","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2234-6163","2234-6171"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2234-6163","type":"print"},{"value":"2234-6171","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]}}}