{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:52:58Z","timestamp":1787032378597,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]],"date-time":"2022-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2803,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background  Standard upper blepharoplasty involves removal of both the skin and a portion of the underlying orbicularis oculi muscle. The senior author had observed sluggishness of eyelid closure, lagophthalmos as well as varying degrees of eye irritation in certain patients during the early postoperative period. He postulated that these findings could be due to orbicularis muscle excision. He therefore undertook a prospective study 27 years ago comparing standard blepharoplasty on one eyelid to skin-only excision on the fellow eyelid.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods  A randomized, prospective, single-blinded study was designed using the fellow eye as an internal control. 22 patients undergoing upper blepharoplasty procedure requiring greater than 5 mm of skin resection and with no history of ophthalmologic disease, dry eye, or previous eyelid surgery were selected. Upper blepharoplasty was performed with skin-only removal on one side, and combined skin-muscle removal on the other side. Patients were evaluated until six months after surgery except for two patients who were lost to follow-up after three months. Sluggish eyelid closure, lagophthalmos, dry eye and aesthetic result were outcome measures scored by patient survey, the operating surgeon, and a blinded expert panel.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results  There were comparable aesthetic outcomes in both eyelids. The incidence of sluggish eyelid closure, lagophthalmos and dry eye syndrome were significantly higher in eyelids where wide segments of muscle had been resected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions  Muscle-sparing upper blepharoplasty produces similar aesthetic outcomes as conventional blepharoplasty, while significantly reducing the complications of sluggish eyelid closure, lagophthalmos and dry eye disease. The authors therefore recommend muscle-sparing upper blepharoplasty.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2014.41.5.576","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,19]],"date-time":"2014-09-19T06:38:49Z","timestamp":1411108729000},"page":"576-583","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Muscle-Sparing Blepharoplasty: A Prospective Left-Right Comparative Study"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Lee","family":"Kiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, W.K. Kellogg Eye Center and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Deptula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Hawaii, John A Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Momal","family":"Mazhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Hawaii, John A Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Murariu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fereydoun Don","family":"Parsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Hawaii, John A Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32e","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000105684.06281.32","article-title":"Current concepts in aesthetic upper blepharoplasty","volume":"113","author":"RJ Rohrich","year":"2004","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200207000-00047","article-title":"Advanced rejuvenative upper blepharoplasty: enhancing aesthetics of the upper periorbita","volume":"110","author":"S Fagien","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.02.069","article-title":"Resecting orbicularis oculi muscle in upper eyelid blepharoplasty: a review of the 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suture of orbicularis oculi muscle to define the upper eyelid fold and correct asymmetries","volume":"37","author":"CB Thomas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e318201d659","article-title":"Upper blepharoplasty with or without resection of the orbicularis oculi muscle: a randomized double-blind left-right study","volume":"27","author":"RW Damasceno","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000304469.81239.f0","article-title":"Lower blepharoplasty with capsulopalpebral fascia hernia repair for palpebral bags: a long-term prospective study","volume":"121","author":"AA Parsa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"}],"container-title":["Archives of Plastic 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