{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T07:53:40Z","timestamp":1790063620239,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"06","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]],"date-time":"2022-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2377,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background A number of conditions can alter a person's fingernail configuration. The ratio between fingernail width and length (W\/L) is an important aesthetic criterion, and some underlying diseases can alter the size of the fingernail. Fingernail curvature can be altered by systemic disorders or disorders of the fingernail itself. Although the shape and curvature of the fingernail can provide diagnostic clues for various diseases, few studies have precisely characterized normal fingernail configuration.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Methods We measured the W\/L ratio of the fingernail, transverse fingernail curvature, hand length, hand breadth, and distal interphalangeal joint width in 300 volunteers with healthy fingernails. We also investigated whether age, sex, height, and handedness influenced the fingernail W\/L ratio and transverse fingernail curvature.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results In women, fingernail W\/L ratios were similar across all five fingers, and were lower than those in men. The highest value of transverse fingernail curvature was found in the thumb, followed by the index, middle, ring, and little fingers. Handedness and aging influenced transverse fingernail curvature, but not the fingernail W\/L ratio. Fingernails were flatter on the dominant hand than on the non-dominant hand. The radius of transverse fingernail curvature increased with age, indicating that fingernails tended to flatten with age.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusions Our quantitative data on fingernail configuration can be used as a reference range for diagnosing various diseases and deformities of the fingernail, and for performing reconstructive or aesthetic fingernail surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2015.42.6.753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,25]],"date-time":"2015-11-25T08:23:32Z","timestamp":1448439812000},"page":"753-760","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Fingernail Configuration"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Jin Woo","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwang Seog","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun Ho","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu Jin","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Ha","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam Yong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","author":"LA Goldsmith","year":"2012","edition":"8th ed"},{"key":"ref2","author":"R Baran","year":"2012","edition":"4th ed"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"1025","article-title":"Histological structure of human nail as studied by synchrotron X-ray microdiffraction","volume":"46","author":"JC Garson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand)"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12532799","article-title":"The effect of aging on the rate of linear nail growth","volume":"73","author":"N Orentreich","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2006.02012.x","article-title":"Nail changes in connective tissue diseases: do nail changes provide clues for the diagnosis?","volume":"21","author":"SE Tunc","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e115","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000000057","article-title":"Clinical Evidence for the Relationship between Nail Configuration and Mechanical Forces","volume":"2","author":"H Sano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-0960.2002.00588.x","article-title":"Diseases of the generative nail apparatus. 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