{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T15:20:14Z","timestamp":1767972014618,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,22]],"date-time":"2022-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1543,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,15]],"date-time":"2018-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521072000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.e-aps.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arch Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Central venous stenosis is a rare cause of unilateral breast edema occurring in hemodialysis patients that needs to be differentiated from other differential diagnoses, including, but not limited to, inflammatory breast carcinoma, mastitis, lymphedema, and congestive heart failure. All reports of similar cases in the available literature have described improvement or resolution of the edema after treatment. Herein, we report and discuss the pathophysiology of breast edema formation in a patient who presented with massive left-sided breast edema 7 years after being diagnosed with central venous stenosis. Medical and minimally invasive therapy had not been successful, so she underwent reduction mammoplasty to relieve the symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2016.02047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,19]],"date-time":"2018-03-19T09:07:12Z","timestamp":1521450432000},"page":"171-176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5999\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Reduction mammoplasty as a treatment for symptomatic central venous stenosis"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Denise Seok Fun","family":"Fok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janna","family":"Joethy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-6111(00)00074-4","article-title":"Unilateral breast enlargement: a rare complication of subclavian vein catheterization for hemodialysis","volume":"25","author":"H Akan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Comput Med Imaging Graph"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2005.46.1.1","article-title":"Unilateral breast edema: spectrum of etiologies and imaging appearances","volume":"46","author":"JY Kwak","year":"2005","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4741.2007.00530.x","article-title":"Venous congestion of the breast mimicking inflammatory breast cancer: case report and review of literature","volume":"14","author":"C Blum","year":"2008","journal-title":"Breast J"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1159\/000187222","article-title":"Unilateral breast enlargement secondary to hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula and subclavian vein occlusion","volume":"63","author":"MF Gadallah","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2004.07.009","article-title":"Axillary to saphenous vein bypass for treatment of central venous obstruction in patients receiving dialysis","volume":"40","author":"N Kavallieratos","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4741.2001.007002128.x","article-title":"Innominate vein stenosis mimicking locally advanced breast cancer in a dialysis patient","volume":"7","author":"HM Kuerer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Breast J"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1177\/112972981001100217","article-title":"Unilateral breast enlargement due to a high-flux ipsilateral hemodialysis fistula","volume":"11","author":"F Lombi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vasc Access"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2006.04.011","article-title":"Central vein obstruction in vascular access","volume":"32","author":"V Mickley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1177\/112972981001100206","article-title":"Long thoracic vein embolization for the treatment of breast edema associated with central venous occlusion and venous hypertension","volume":"11","author":"GA Miller","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vasc Access"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"E26","article-title":"Unilateral breast enlargement secondary to right brachiocephalic vein occlusion","volume":"35","author":"D Pacheo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6060(98)70208-9","article-title":"Unilateral breast enlargement: four case reports of an \u201cunusual\u201d presentation of central vein stenosis in patients undergoing hemodialysis","volume":"123","author":"GS Phillips","year":"1998","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"85","article-title":"Unilateral breast and arm enlargement secondary to haemodialysis arteriovenous fistula without subclavian vein occlusion","volume":"9","author":"MP Ruiz-Valverde","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2003.08.004","article-title":"Cases from the Osler Medical Service at Johns Hopkins University","volume":"115","author":"JT Schiffer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-4758.2011.00570.x","article-title":"Is unilateral breast enlargement always a sign of cancer?","volume":"15","author":"G Tekbas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hemodial Int"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1977.03270330061023","article-title":"Unilateral breast enlargement: a complication of an arteriovenous fistula and coincidental subclavian vein occlusion","volume":"237","author":"G Topf","year":"1977","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.20541","article-title":"Asymmetric venous engorgement of the breast due to a high output hemodialysis fistula","volume":"37","author":"M Uzun","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.106.3.950","article-title":"Pleural effusion associated with ipsilateral breast and arm edema as a complication of subclavian vein catheterization and arteriovenous fistula formation for hemodialysis","volume":"106","author":"RS Wright","year":"1994","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"56","article-title":"Unilateral breast swelling as a complication of innominate vein stenosis in a hemodialysis patient","volume":"75 Suppl 1","author":"U Yalavarthy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-4758.2008.00236.x","article-title":"Asymmetric breast enlargement minus central venous thrombosis in a hemodialysis patient","volume":"12","author":"JJ Youssef","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hemodial Int"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2004.11.006","article-title":"Central venous stenosis in haemodialysis patients without a previous history of catheter placement","volume":"55","author":"L Oguzkurt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"}],"container-title":["Archives of Plastic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.e-aps.org\/upload\/pdf\/aps-2016-02047.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.e-aps.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.5999\/aps.2016.02047","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.5999\/aps.2016.02047.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,22]],"date-time":"2022-05-22T22:36:23Z","timestamp":1653258983000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.5999\/aps.2016.02047"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"02","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5999\/aps.2016.02047","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2234-6163","2234-6171"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2234-6163","type":"print"},{"value":"2234-6171","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-12-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-05-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-03-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-03-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}