{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T11:29:05Z","timestamp":1781954945993,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,20]],"date-time":"2022-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650412800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2301,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,15]],"date-time":"2016-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1452816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014R1A1A4A01009584"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014R1A1A4A01009584"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.e-aps.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arch Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background Lymphatic malformation (LM) is a form of congenital vascular malformation with a low incidence. Although LM has been studied, no consensus has emerged regarding its cause or treatment.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Methods In this study, we retrospectively evaluated 40 patients who visited our vascular anomalies center for the treatment of cervicofacial LM, which is a common manifestation of LM. The medical records of patients over a period of 12 years were reviewed and analyzed for commonalities regarding the diagnosis and the results of treatment.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results Suspected cervicofacial LM was confirmed through imaging studies. No difference in incidence was observed according to sex, and 73% of patients first presented with symptoms before the age of two years. The left side and the V2\u2013V3 area were most commonly affected. No significant differences in incidence were observed among the macrocystic, microcystic, and combined types of LM. A total of 28 out of 36 patients received sclerotherapy as the first choice of treatment, regardless of the type of lesion. Complete resolution was achieved in only 25% of patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusions LM is important to confirm the diagnosis early and to choose an appropriate treatment strategy according to the stage of the disease and each individual patient's symptoms. When treatment is delayed or an incorrect treatment is administered, patient discomfort increases as the lesion gradually spreads. Therefore, more so than is the case for most other diseases, a team approach on a case-by-case basis is important for the accurate and appropriate treatment of LM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2016.43.1.10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,2]],"date-time":"2016-02-02T09:10:14Z","timestamp":1454404214000},"page":"10-18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5999\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Cervicofacial Lymphatic Malformations: A Retrospective Review of 40 Cases"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Byung Chae","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Bong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeong Woo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kang Young","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung Dug","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seok-Jong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Kyungpook National University 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