{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T01:50:19Z","timestamp":1788832219831,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,20]],"date-time":"2022-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650412800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2057,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,21]],"date-time":"2016-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1474416000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002630","name":"Ewha Womans University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002630","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.e-aps.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arch Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n          Background  In an increasing number of lawsuits doctors lose, despite providing preoperative patient education, because of failure to prove informed consent. We analyzed judicial precedents associated with insufficient informed consent to identify judicial factors and trends related to aesthetic surgery medical litigation.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods  We collected data from civil trials between 1995 and 2015 that were related to aesthetic surgery and resulted in findings of insufficient informed consent. Based on these data, we analyzed the lawsuits, including the distribution of surgeries, dissatisfactions, litigation expenses, and relationship to informed consent.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results  Cases were found involving the following types of surgery: facial rejuvenation (38 cases), facial contouring surgery (27 cases), mammoplasty (16 cases), blepharoplasty (29 cases), rhinoplasty (21 cases), body-contouring surgery (15 cases), and breast reconstruction (2 cases). Common reasons for postoperative dissatisfaction were deformities (22%), scars (17%), asymmetry (14%), and infections (6%). Most of the malpractice lawsuits occurred in Seoul (population 10 million people; 54% of total plastic surgeons) and in primary-level local clinics (113 cases, 82.5%). In cases in which only invalid informed consent was recognized, the average amount of consolation money was KRW 9,107,143 (USD 8438). In cases in which both violation of non-malfeasance and invalid informed consent were recognized, the average amount of consolation money was KRW 12,741,857 (USD 11,806), corresponding to 38.6% of the amount of the judgment.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusions  Surgeons should pay special attention to obtaining informed consent, because it is a double-edged sword; it has clinical purposes for doctors and patients but may also be a litigation strategy for lawyers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2016.43.5.402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,27]],"date-time":"2016-09-27T05:40:34Z","timestamp":1474954834000},"page":"402-410","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5999\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Informed Consent as a Litigation Strategy in the Field of Aesthetic Surgery: An Analysis Based on Court Precedents"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4612-6672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo Young","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6629-369X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jungwoo","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7074-8773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"So Ra","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2657-7428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung Eun","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref2","author":"World Bank","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-008-0636-2","article-title":"An introduction to medical malpractice in the United States","volume":"467","author":"BS Bal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat 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Kim","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref12"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-011-9768-y","article-title":"Mammaplasties and medicolegal issues: 50 cases of litigation in aesthetic surgery of the breast","volume":"36","author":"A Marchesi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref14","volume-title":"If reparation for bodily intrusion from medical malpractice is recognized, reparation for violation of the obligation of explanation cannot be claimed separately [Internet]","author":"SY Kim","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref15","author":"Supreme Court of South Korea Decision No. 94 Da 35671"}],"container-title":["Archives of Plastic 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