{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:52:48Z","timestamp":1787032368609,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"06","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,20]],"date-time":"2022-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650412800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1631,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,10]],"date-time":"2017-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002649","name":"Yeungnam University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002649","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.e-aps.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arch Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background  Various surgical methods for repairing medial orbital wall fractures have been introduced. The conventional technique requires total separation of the displaced orbital bones from the orbital soft tissues. However, subperiosteal dissection around the fracture can cause additional damage. The aim of the present study is to introduce a method of reconstructing medial orbital wall fractures without subperiosteal dissection named the \u201cpush-out\u201d technique.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods  Six patients with post-traumatic enophthalmos resulting from an old medial orbital wall fracture and 10 patients with an acute medial orbital wall fracture were included. All were treated with the push-out technique. Postoperative computed tomography (CT) was performed to assess the correct positioning of the implants. The Hertel scale and a comparison between preoperative and postoperative orbital volume were used to assess the surgical results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results  Restoration of the normal orbital cavity shape was confirmed by examining the postoperative CT scans. In the old fracture group, the median orbital volume of the fractured side was 29.22 cm3 preoperatively, and significantly improved postoperatively to a value of 25.13 cm3. In the acute fracture group, the median orbital volume of the fractured side was 28.73 cm3 preoperatively, and significantly improved postoperatively to a value of 24.90 cm3. Differences on the Hertel scale also improved, from 2.13 mm preoperatively to 0.25 mm postoperatively in the old fracture group and from 1.67 mm preoperatively to 0.33 mm postoperatively in the acute fracture group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions  The push-out technique can be considered a good alternative choice for old medial orbital wall fractures with posttraumatic enophthalmos, acute medial orbital wall fractures including large fractured bone segments, and single-hinged greenstick fractures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2017.01319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,9]],"date-time":"2017-11-09T23:19:19Z","timestamp":1510269559000},"page":"496-501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5999\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Reconstruction of Medial Orbital Wall Fractures without Subperiosteal Dissection: The \u201cPush-Out\u201d Technique"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1804-9086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong-Ha","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youngsoo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gami Plastic Surgery Clinic, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung-Eun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jenith Plastic Surgery, Ulsan, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyu-Jin","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae Gon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e31824dba84","article-title":"Medial orbital wall fractures and the transcaruncular approach","volume":"23","author":"M Choi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181f95cfd","article-title":"Inlay implanting technique for the correction of medial orbital wall fracture","volume":"127","author":"YH Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200208000-00006","article-title":"Endoscopic transnasal approach for the treatment of medial orbital blow-out fracture: a technique for controlling the fractured wall with a balloon catheter and Merocel","volume":"110","author":"MJ Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2014.41.6.686","article-title":"Orbital wall restoring surgery in pure blowout fractures","volume":"41","author":"NK Lim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2014.41.5.480","article-title":"Three-dimensional pre-bent titanium implant for concomitant orbital floor and medial wall fractures in an East asian population","volume":"41","author":"KM Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1224775","article-title":"Medial wall fracture: an update","volume":"2","author":"C Thiagarajah","year":"2009","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2013.40.4.335","article-title":"The correlation between the degree of enophthalmos and the extent of fracture in medial orbital wall fracture left untreated for over six months: a retrospective analysis of 81 cases at a single institution","volume":"40","author":"YS Sung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2016.43.3.229","article-title":"Considerations for the management of medial orbital wall blowout fracture","volume":"43","author":"YH Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2016.43.6.518","article-title":"The Correlation between the Orbital Volume Ratio and Enophthalmos in Unoperated Blowout Fractures","volume":"43","author":"SH Choi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e752","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000002208","article-title":"The Paradoxical Predominance of Medial Wall Injuries in Blowout Fracture","volume":"26","author":"KE Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Craniofac 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