{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T06:18:13Z","timestamp":1786429093911,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,20]],"date-time":"2022-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650412800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1692,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,15]],"date-time":"2017-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505433600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.e-aps.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arch Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\nBackground  Among the various signs and symptoms of orbital fractures, certain clinical findings warrant immediate surgical exploration, including gaze restriction, computed tomographic (CT) evidence of entrapment, and prolonged oculocardiac reflex. Despite proper surgical reconstruction, prolonged complications such as diplopia and gaze restriction can occur. This article evaluated the prognostic factors associated with prolonged complications of orbital fractures with muscle incarceration.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\nMethods  The medical records of 37 patients (37 orbits) with an orbital fracture with muscle incarceration from January 2001 to January 2015 were reviewed. The presence of Incarcerated muscle was confirmed via CT, as well as by intraoperative findings. Various factors potentially contributing to complications lasting for over 1 year after the injury were categorized and analyzed, including age, cause of injury, injury-to-operation time, operative time, fracture type, nausea, vomiting and other concomitant symptoms and injuries.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\nResults  All patients who presented with extraocular muscle limitations, positive CT findings, and\/or a positive forced duction test underwent surgery. Of the 37 patients, 9 (24%) exhibited lasting complications, such as diplopia and gaze restriction. The mean follow-up period was 18.4 months (range, 1\u2013108 months), while that of patients who experienced prolonged complications was 30.1 months (range, 13\u201336 months). Two factors were significantly associated with prolonged complications: injury-to-operation time and nausea\/vomiting. Loss of vision, worsening of motility, and implant complication did not occur.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\nConclusions  Patients who present with gaze limitations, with or without other signs of a blow-out fracture, require a thorough evaluation and emergent surgery. A better prognosis is expected with a shorter injury-to-operation time and lack of nausea and vomiting at the initial presentation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2017.44.5.407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,21]],"date-time":"2017-09-21T05:00:33Z","timestamp":1505970033000},"page":"407-412","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5999\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Prognostic Factors of Orbital Fractures with Muscle Incarceration"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Seung Chan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung-Ha","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung-Kyu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eul-Sik","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun-Sang","family":"Dhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung-Ho","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hi-Jin","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deok-Woo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Injuries and diseases of the orbit: traumatic enophthalmos with retention of perfect acuity of vision. 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