{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T02:26:43Z","timestamp":1768530403097,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,3]],"date-time":"2022-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1372,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,15]],"date-time":"2018-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531612800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-aps.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arch Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n          Background  The radial forearm free flap (RFFF) has remained a leading choice of many plastic surgeons as a fasciocutaneous flap due to its versatility, pedicle length, and simple elevation technique. However, donor site morbidity has led many reconstructive surgeons to limit their use of the RFFF and to use other flaps instead. We propose that using a narrow RFFF (nRFFF) decreases the aesthetic and functional morbidity of the donor site.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods  We report our experiences with the nRFFF from April 2012 through May 2015 at the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery at Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi. The donor defects were closed primarily. The Stony Brook Scar Evaluation Scale and comparison with the contralateral hand were used to assess aesthetic and functional outcomes, respectively.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results  A total of 24 patients underwent nRFFF procedures during the study period. The donor arm showed excellent motor function in 22 cases (91.7%), and very good function in the remaining two cases (8.3%). The aesthetic outcomes were excellent in four patients (16.6%), very good in eight patients (33.3%), good in 10 patients (41.6%), and fair in two patients (8.3%) who developed a hypertrophic scar. All flaps were successful and there were no cases of partial or complete loss.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusions  For small to medium-sized soft tissue defects, the nRFFF had acceptable outcomes due to its thinness, pliability, and major reduction in donor site aesthetic and functional morbidity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2018.00115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,19]],"date-time":"2018-07-19T00:46:52Z","timestamp":1531961212000},"page":"345-350","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5999\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Reducing the donor site morbidity in radial forearm free flaps by utilizing a narrow radial forearm free flap"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Safdar Ali","family":"Shaikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amber","family":"Bawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noman","family":"Shahzad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zara","family":"Yousufzai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Shahab","family":"Ghani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"162","article-title":"Forearm free skin flap transplantation: a report of 56 cases. 1981","volume":"50","author":"GF Yang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199205000-00014","article-title":"The combined sensate radical forearm and iliac crest free flaps for reconstruction of significant glossectomy-mandibulectomy defects","volume":"102","author":"ML Urken","year":"1992","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199002000-00016","article-title":"The radial forearm flap: reconstructive applications and donor-site defects in 35 consecutive patients","volume":"85","author":"E Swanson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr 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flap in hand surgery: an original modification of the Chinese forearm flap","volume":"37","author":"G Foucher","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1226(83)90002-4","article-title":"The radial forearm flap: a versatile method for intra-oral reconstruction","volume":"36","author":"DS Soutar","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199701000-00017","article-title":"Radial forearm flap donor-site complications and morbidity: a prospective study","volume":"99","author":"D Richardson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1054\/ijom.2000.0005","article-title":"Aesthetic and functional results of harvesting radial forearm flap, especially with regard to hand function","volume":"30","author":"H Toschka","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1054\/bjps.2002.3812","article-title":"A comparison of the donor-site morbidity after using the prelaminated fasciomucosal flap and the fasciocutaneous radial forearm flap for intraoral reconstruction","volume":"55","author":"GV Nehrer-Tairych","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2000.110865","article-title":"Osteocutaneous radial forearm free flap: its use without significant donor site morbidity","volume":"123","author":"AH Werle","year":"2000","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1996.01890210063014","article-title":"Assessment of functional morbidity in the radial forearm free flap donor site","volume":"122","author":"MT Brown","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.125.12.1371","article-title":"Assessment of donor-site functional morbidity from radial forearm fasciocutaneous free flap harvest","volume":"125","author":"MT Brown","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3109\/02844319609072405","article-title":"Donor site morbidity of radial forearm flaps: a clinical and ultrasonographic evaluation","volume":"30","author":"S Suominen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199901000-00021","article-title":"Donor site morbidity after suprafascial elevation of the radial forearm flap: a prospective study in 95 consecutive cases","volume":"103","author":"BS 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