{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T18:43:49Z","timestamp":1760985829610,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"06","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]],"date-time":"2022-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":875,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,15]],"date-time":"2019-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-aps.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arch Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n          Background  In Western nations, hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) typically affects the apocrine gland-bearing skin of people of African origin, women, smokers, and individuals with obesity. The clinical characteristics of HS in Korea and Japan, however, are reportedly different from those in the West. We therefore hypothesized that wet earwax is associated with HS because most East Asian people are genetically predisposed to produce dry earwax.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods  The medical charts of 53 Japanese patients with HS were reviewed retrospectively.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results  Unlike the results of surveys conducted in Western nations, most of our patients were men (72%), whose buttocks were the most commonly affected site. Apocrine gland-bearing areas, such as the axilla, were affected less often. The proportion of HS patients with wet earwax was 51%, which was substantially higher than that found in the general Japanese population. Moreover, when patients with gluteal HS were excluded, the proportion of patients with wet earwax became even higher (68%).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusions  Although the etiology of HS is unknown, our survey indicated that HS in apocrine gland-bearing skin, such as the axillary and anogenital areas, may be associated with wet earwax. As this study was conducted in a limited clinical setting, a nationwide, multicenter survey is warranted to clarify the clinical characteristics of HS in Japan.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2019.00290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]],"date-time":"2019-11-20T00:49:46Z","timestamp":1574210986000},"page":"566-571","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5999\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Earwax of patients with hidradenitis suppurativa: A retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4114-4724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuka","family":"Shibuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6210-9808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daichi","family":"Morioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1816-9926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Misako","family":"Nomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1914-1722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhuo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2428-6931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroki","family":"Utsunomiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.12788\/j.sder.2017.019","article-title":"Epidemiologic and clinical features of hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"36","author":"I Parulkar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Cutan Med Surg"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12966","article-title":"European S1 guideline for the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa\/acne inversa","volume":"29","author":"CC Zouboulis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.16101","article-title":"Population-based Clinical Practice Research Datalink study using algorithm modelling to identify the true burden of hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"178","author":"JR Ingram","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"44","article-title":"Higher risk of care for hidradenitis suppurativa in African American and non-Hispanic patients in the United States","volume":"109","author":"NS Udechukwu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"747","volume-title":"J Dermatol","author":"I Kurokawa","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"499","volume-title":"J Hum Genet","author":"Super Science High School Consortium","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2156-10-42","article-title":"A strong association of axillary osmidrosis with the wet earwax type determined by genotyping of the ABCC11 gene","volume":"10","author":"M Nakano","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Genet"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1733","article-title":"A SNP in the ABCC11 gene is the determinant of human earwax type","volume":"38","author":"K Yoshiura","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2008.00712_1.x","article-title":"What causes hidradenitis suppurativa?","volume":"17","author":"H Kurzen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2010.07.003","article-title":"Hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"28","author":"FW Danby","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.472","article-title":"Identification of three hidradenitis suppurativa phenotypes: latent class analysis of a cross-sectional study","volume":"133","author":"F Canoui-Poitrine","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"723","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and epidemiology of hidradenitis suppurativa in Korea: a single-center study","volume":"54","author":"HR You","year":"2016","journal-title":"Korean J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15071","article-title":"Prevalence and comorbidities associated with hidradenitis suppurativa in Korea: a nationwide population-based study","volume":"32","author":"JH Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.07.047","article-title":"New insights into the diagnosis of hidradenitis suppurativa: clinical presentations and phenotypes","volume":"73","author":"HH van der Zee","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Archives of Plastic 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